Effect of gamma radiation on elastic and optical properties of Tm₂O₃/CeO₂-doped zinc borotellurite glass system
Two series of zinc borotellurite glasses that were doped with thulium and cerium oxide were successfully fabricated using the known melt-quenching technique. The glasses were prepared based on the empirical formula of {[(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]0.7[ZnO]0.3}1-x{Tm2O3/CeO2}x with the concentration of the...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/68639/1/FS%202018%207%20-%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Two series of zinc borotellurite glasses that were doped with thulium and cerium
oxide were successfully fabricated using the known melt-quenching technique. The
glasses were prepared based on the empirical formula of
{[(TeO2)0.7(B2O3)0.3]0.7[ZnO]0.3}1-x{Tm2O3/CeO2}x with the concentration of the rare earth
oxides were varied from 0.00 to 0.05 mol. The structural, elastic and optical
properties of the glass samples were tested using densimeter, Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, ultrasound
technique and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-VIS). The samples with 1 mol%
of dopants were exposed to gamma radiation with dose ranging from 10 to 35 kGy
and all the tests were done before and after the radiation process. As the rare earth
oxides were added into the glass system, the density of the glass was found to
increase from 3.69 to 4.99 g/cm3. Meanwhile, the molar volume (Vm) of glass
decreases rapidly at 0.01 mol of the additional oxide and varies beyond that. The
minimum and maximum values for Vm are 25.57 and 31.75 cm3/mol respectively. In
terms of FTIR spectra, the absence of Zn-O, Tm-O and Ce-O bonds implies that
these bonds have been broken and these oxides take the role as network modifier by
filling up the interstitial spaces inside the glass network. The amorphous nature of
the glass is confirmed using XRD analysis. Besides, the elastic moduli and other
elastic parameters of the glass under study generally found to increase with the
substitution of Tm2O3 and CeO2 while the value of Poisson’s ratio lies in the range of
0.2633 to 0.2740. In terms of optical parameters, all of them exhibit some variations
as the dopants are added. After the glass samples with 1 mol% of rare earth oxides is
radiated with gamma rays, the density for Ce-doped glass found to decrease from
4.600 to 3.576 g/cm3 whereas for Tm-doped glass, it varies with minimum value of
4.57 g/cm3 and maximum value of 4.66 g/cm3. Meanwhile, the molar volume for
both glass series is totally opposite to density. The glass samples also maintain their
amorphous nature after radiation even though new absorption bands were found to be
produce in the FTIR analysis. The elastic moduli for cerium doped glass show a
decrement after exposed to gamma rays while in thulium doped glass, they show an increasing trend. Furthermore, the optical band gaps for both glass series tend to
decrease with the increment of radiation dose. In conclusion, the addition of thulium
and cerium oxide into zinc borotellurite glass found to alter the glasses’ properties
differently. In addition, the effects of gamma radiation also are different for both
glass series. This research can contribute new knowledge regarding rare-earth doped
zinc borotellurite glass and the effect of gamma radiation on them. Besides that,
these glasses also have a high potential to be used as gain media in laser devices for
medical surgery and as fibre amplifier in radiation-exposed environment. |
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