Comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) processing waste

Fish oil contains the important omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA and DHA extracted from fish oil are reported to have beneficial effects to human health which resulted in a world-wide demand. There are already several met...

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Main Author:	Khazaali, Masoumeh
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	Supercritical fluid extraction Nile tilapia
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/69437/1/FSTM%202016%2014%20-%20IR.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.694372019-07-02T06:59:25Z Comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) processing waste 2016-06 Khazaali, Masoumeh Fish oil contains the important omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA and DHA extracted from fish oil are reported to have beneficial effects to human health which resulted in a world-wide demand. There are already several methods available for extracting fish oil, with varying degrees of yield and quality. Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2) is an emerging process for the extraction of edible oils containing labile components like PUFAs. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (i) to extract and compare the distribution of oil and physicochemical properties of tilapia oil extracted from the viscera, head, skin and flesh using the soxhlet and supercritical fluid methods; (ii) to optimize the yield and extracted EPA and DHA from the identified part using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO2) technique. The results from the soxhlet method revealed that the distribution of oil was significantly (p < 0.05) different among the head, viscera, skin and flesh which is as expected. The highest oil yield was obtained from the viscera (51.81%) followed by the head (30.12%), skin (16.88%) and flesh (6.78%). The chemical properties of head, viscera, flesh and skin oil were 4.37-9.87 meq O2/kg, 116.94- 125.65 g I2/100 g, 4.49-9.86 meq/kg and 13.23-25.08 meq/kg for PV, IV, p-AnV and TOTOX value, respectively. Although the average fatty acids composition of the viscera, head, skin and flesh samples were similar, the highest amounts of SFAs (49.74 g/100 g oil), MUFAs (24.40 g/100 g oil) and PUFAs (22.14 g/100 g oil) were found in the flesh, viscera and head, respectively. The optimization of oil yield, extraction of EPA and DHA based on central composite design with pressure (20-40 MPa), temperature (35-75 °C), flow rate (2.5-4.5 mL.min−1) and extraction time (2-4 h) from the viscera was determined. The highest oil yield (40.02% on dry weight basis), EPA (0.46 g/100 g oil) and DHA (1.53 g/100g oil) was obtained at 40 MPa, 57.22 °C, 3.4 mL.min−1 and 3.23 h with non-significant (p > 0.05) lack of fit and high R2 (p > 0.90). The viscera oil from supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO2) had lower total oxidation value (15.3 meq/kg) and higher amount of PUFAs composition (28.71 g/100 g oil) than oil obtained from soxhlet method (25.08 meq/kg and 17.32 g/100 g oil for TOTOX value and PUFAs, respectively). Hence, tilapia visceral oil is better extracted using supercritical fluid extraction method. Supercritical fluid extraction Nile tilapia 2016-06 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/69437/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/69437/1/FSTM%202016%2014%20-%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Supercritical fluid extraction Nile tilapia
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Supercritical fluid extraction Nile tilapia
spellingShingle	Supercritical fluid extraction Nile tilapia Khazaali, Masoumeh Comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) processing waste
description	Fish oil contains the important omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA and DHA extracted from fish oil are reported to have beneficial effects to human health which resulted in a world-wide demand. There are already several methods available for extracting fish oil, with varying degrees of yield and quality. Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2) is an emerging process for the extraction of edible oils containing labile components like PUFAs. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (i) to extract and compare the distribution of oil and physicochemical properties of tilapia oil extracted from the viscera, head, skin and flesh using the soxhlet and supercritical fluid methods; (ii) to optimize the yield and extracted EPA and DHA from the identified part using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO2) technique. The results from the soxhlet method revealed that the distribution of oil was significantly (p < 0.05) different among the head, viscera, skin and flesh which is as expected. The highest oil yield was obtained from the viscera (51.81%) followed by the head (30.12%), skin (16.88%) and flesh (6.78%). The chemical properties of head, viscera, flesh and skin oil were 4.37-9.87 meq O2/kg, 116.94- 125.65 g I2/100 g, 4.49-9.86 meq/kg and 13.23-25.08 meq/kg for PV, IV, p-AnV and TOTOX value, respectively. Although the average fatty acids composition of the viscera, head, skin and flesh samples were similar, the highest amounts of SFAs (49.74 g/100 g oil), MUFAs (24.40 g/100 g oil) and PUFAs (22.14 g/100 g oil) were found in the flesh, viscera and head, respectively. The optimization of oil yield, extraction of EPA and DHA based on central composite design with pressure (20-40 MPa), temperature (35-75 °C), flow rate (2.5-4.5 mL.min−1) and extraction time (2-4 h) from the viscera was determined. The highest oil yield (40.02% on dry weight basis), EPA (0.46 g/100 g oil) and DHA (1.53 g/100g oil) was obtained at 40 MPa, 57.22 °C, 3.4 mL.min−1 and 3.23 h with non-significant (p > 0.05) lack of fit and high R2 (p > 0.90). The viscera oil from supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO2) had lower total oxidation value (15.3 meq/kg) and higher amount of PUFAs composition (28.71 g/100 g oil) than oil obtained from soxhlet method (25.08 meq/kg and 17.32 g/100 g oil for TOTOX value and PUFAs, respectively). Hence, tilapia visceral oil is better extracted using supercritical fluid extraction method.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Khazaali, Masoumeh
author_facet	Khazaali, Masoumeh
author_sort	Khazaali, Masoumeh
title	Comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) processing waste
title_short	Comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) processing waste
title_full	Comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) processing waste
title_fullStr	Comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) processing waste
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) processing waste
title_sort	comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus linnaeus) processing waste
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2016
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/69437/1/FSTM%202016%2014%20-%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747812697773178880

Comparison and determination of properties of oil extracted using soxhlet and supercritical fluid from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) processing waste

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