A postcolonial reading of Islam and imperialism in selected works of James Justinian Morier

The attitude of the Orientalist world towards the legacy of the East is generally considered as one of the major trends of postcolonial criticism. From among several places of interest, Persia has long been at the center of consideration for such scholars for various reasons. One of the most noted a...

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Main Author:	Pouralifard, Akram
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	Morier James Justinian 1780?-1849 Islam Imperialism
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70081/1/FBMK%202014%2060%20-%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.70081
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spelling	my-upm-ir.700812019-10-31T07:04:19Z A postcolonial reading of Islam and imperialism in selected works of James Justinian Morier 2014-11 Pouralifard, Akram The attitude of the Orientalist world towards the legacy of the East is generally considered as one of the major trends of postcolonial criticism. From among several places of interest, Persia has long been at the center of consideration for such scholars for various reasons. One of the most noted and disputed Orientalists who has extensively studied Persia is James Justinian Morier (1780-1849), the British diplomat in Persia in early 19th century. A plethora of scholarly analyses have investigated Morier’s look at Persia for cultural and national concerns. However, his works have not been studied critically from a religious-cultural perspective. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to investigate five of Morier’s novels concerning Islam, Persia and the East, namely The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan (1824), The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan in England (1828), Ayesha, the Maid of Kars (1834), Zohrab the Hostage (1833), and The Mirza (1841), to survey the accuracy of the images rendered from Islam, the Prophet (pbuh), and the Muslims. Since Morier has commonly been considered as an Orientalist who is fair and objective in his writings, especially in the Hajji Baba sequel, his portrayals are generally assumed to be factual, even when documenting the cultural, national, social, or religious concerns. Edward Said’s perspective of the colonial discourse on the East is the major reference deployed in this investigation for its analysis. Said defines colonial discourse as the systematic discipline with which European culture was able to manage the Orient in its different phases. The occasional discrepancies of representations in the above mentioned novels, however, demand another critical framework which is resolved using Homi K. Bhabha’s theory of ambivalence in colonial stereotype. To explain this concept, Bhabha asserts that in colonial discourse analysis, the point of intervention should shift from the ready recognition of images as positive or negative, to an understanding of the processes of justification made possible through stereotypical discourse. So, for him, the colonial discourse permits a fluctuation in the interpretation of the images rendered by colonial writings. The findings of my study revealed previously unsaid facts about Morier’s representations. In his portrayal of the Muslim, the ‘stereotypical discourse’ gives way to a variety of praiseworthy and degenerate types of characters and there scarcely is a ready recognition of negative images. Morier’s representation of Islam and the Prophet (pbuh), however, is more applicable in demonstrating Said’s standpoint. For him, Islam and the Prophet (pbuh) suffer an irreparable degeneration compared to the Muslim, who is portrayed as capable of ‘administration and instruction’. This study’s findings show that Morier’s representation of the Muslim may, in many respects, be seen to be true, but his renderings of the Prophet(pbuh) and his judgment of Islam are a combination of misunderstandings and adversity, and therefore, cannot be accepted as scientific or reliable documentation. Morier, James Justinian, 1780?-1849 Islam Imperialism 2014-11 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70081/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70081/1/FBMK%202014%2060%20-%20IR.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Morier, James Justinian, 1780?-1849 Islam Imperialism
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Morier James Justinian 1780?-1849 Islam Imperialism
spellingShingle	Morier James Justinian 1780?-1849 Islam Imperialism Pouralifard, Akram A postcolonial reading of Islam and imperialism in selected works of James Justinian Morier
description	The attitude of the Orientalist world towards the legacy of the East is generally considered as one of the major trends of postcolonial criticism. From among several places of interest, Persia has long been at the center of consideration for such scholars for various reasons. One of the most noted and disputed Orientalists who has extensively studied Persia is James Justinian Morier (1780-1849), the British diplomat in Persia in early 19th century. A plethora of scholarly analyses have investigated Morier’s look at Persia for cultural and national concerns. However, his works have not been studied critically from a religious-cultural perspective. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to investigate five of Morier’s novels concerning Islam, Persia and the East, namely The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan (1824), The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan in England (1828), Ayesha, the Maid of Kars (1834), Zohrab the Hostage (1833), and The Mirza (1841), to survey the accuracy of the images rendered from Islam, the Prophet (pbuh), and the Muslims. Since Morier has commonly been considered as an Orientalist who is fair and objective in his writings, especially in the Hajji Baba sequel, his portrayals are generally assumed to be factual, even when documenting the cultural, national, social, or religious concerns. Edward Said’s perspective of the colonial discourse on the East is the major reference deployed in this investigation for its analysis. Said defines colonial discourse as the systematic discipline with which European culture was able to manage the Orient in its different phases. The occasional discrepancies of representations in the above mentioned novels, however, demand another critical framework which is resolved using Homi K. Bhabha’s theory of ambivalence in colonial stereotype. To explain this concept, Bhabha asserts that in colonial discourse analysis, the point of intervention should shift from the ready recognition of images as positive or negative, to an understanding of the processes of justification made possible through stereotypical discourse. So, for him, the colonial discourse permits a fluctuation in the interpretation of the images rendered by colonial writings. The findings of my study revealed previously unsaid facts about Morier’s representations. In his portrayal of the Muslim, the ‘stereotypical discourse’ gives way to a variety of praiseworthy and degenerate types of characters and there scarcely is a ready recognition of negative images. Morier’s representation of Islam and the Prophet (pbuh), however, is more applicable in demonstrating Said’s standpoint. For him, Islam and the Prophet (pbuh) suffer an irreparable degeneration compared to the Muslim, who is portrayed as capable of ‘administration and instruction’. This study’s findings show that Morier’s representation of the Muslim may, in many respects, be seen to be true, but his renderings of the Prophet(pbuh) and his judgment of Islam are a combination of misunderstandings and adversity, and therefore, cannot be accepted as scientific or reliable documentation.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Pouralifard, Akram
author_facet	Pouralifard, Akram
author_sort	Pouralifard, Akram
title	A postcolonial reading of Islam and imperialism in selected works of James Justinian Morier
title_short	A postcolonial reading of Islam and imperialism in selected works of James Justinian Morier
title_full	A postcolonial reading of Islam and imperialism in selected works of James Justinian Morier
title_fullStr	A postcolonial reading of Islam and imperialism in selected works of James Justinian Morier
title_full_unstemmed	A postcolonial reading of Islam and imperialism in selected works of James Justinian Morier
title_sort	postcolonial reading of islam and imperialism in selected works of james justinian morier
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2014
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70081/1/FBMK%202014%2060%20-%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747812755541327872

A postcolonial reading of Islam and imperialism in selected works of James Justinian Morier

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