Comparative proteomic analysis of Ganoderma species during in vitro interaction with oil palm root
Basal Stem Rot (BSR) in oil palm caused by Ganoderma spp. is a deadly disease affecting oil palm plantation yield and global cooking oil supply. A pathogenic species, Ganoderma boninense is claimed as the main causal agent of BSR while Ganoderma tornatum is regarded as non-pathogenic and unable t...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70304/1/FBSB%202017%2031%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Basal Stem Rot (BSR) in oil palm caused by Ganoderma spp. is a deadly disease
affecting oil palm plantation yield and global cooking oil supply. A pathogenic species,
Ganoderma boninense is claimed as the main causal agent of BSR while Ganoderma
tornatum is regarded as non-pathogenic and unable to infect living palms. Insufficient
information on the infection mechanism and immature early detection strategy of the
pathogen are among the disease control limitations. The existing molecular studies on
the oil palm-Ganoderma interaction mainly focused on the response of the plant
towards the fungus infection while the information on the pathogen responses is still a
scarce. Therefore, in this study, response of the fungus at the infective stage during
interaction with oil palm at the molecular level was investigated. An optimized protein
extraction protocol for 2-Dimensional Electrophoresis (2-DE) gel analysis of
Ganoderma spp. was developed and a comparative proteomic analysis were conducted
to investigate the changes in the dikaryotic mycelial protein expression of the
pathogenic G. boninense and non-pathogenic G. tornatum during in vitro interaction
with oil palm root. The phenol/ammonium acetate in methanol was shown to be the
most effective protein extraction method for 2-DE proteomic studies of Ganoderma
spp. mycelia. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images obtained confirmed the
hyphae attachment and colonisation of both species on the oil palm root surface after
72 h of inoculation. Comparative proteomic analysis showed that the mycelial proteins
from oil palm root exhibited different expression profiles when compared to the
mycelia grown on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Proteins differentially expressed in
both species may have either direct or indirect link to virulence and pathogenicity,
metabolism, growth and maintenance of both Ganoderma species. During the
interaction, proteins with potential contribution to fungal pathogenicity such as enolase,
alpha-aminoadipate reductase, carboxypeptidase, dienelactone hydrolase, glutamine
synthetase (GS) and guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) were upregulated
in G. boninense while bZIP protein, triose-phosphate-isomerase, redoxin and
peroxiredoxin were mutually expressed in both species. Identification of these proteins
during the interaction with oil palm roots may provide fundamental information for further investigation on specific roles of the identified proteins towards Ganoderma
infection mechanism and facilitate selection of potential markers for early detection of
BSR in the future. |
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