In-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth)

Sustainable organic herbal production requires utilization of bio-waste materials as plant nutrient sources due to its economical aspect and would ensure continuous productivity. The usage of organic wastes in organic farming system (OFS) as fertilizers and soil amendments should be monitored as the...

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Main Author:	Mulana@Maulana, Khairun Naim
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Soil remediation
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70415/1/FP%202017%2037%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.70415
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.704152019-08-16T07:35:11Z In-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth) 2017-01 Mulana@Maulana, Khairun Naim Sustainable organic herbal production requires utilization of bio-waste materials as plant nutrient sources due to its economical aspect and would ensure continuous productivity. The usage of organic wastes in organic farming system (OFS) as fertilizers and soil amendments should be monitored as the accumulation of heavy metals has been reported in several studies. This study was set up to investigate the effect of chicken manure soil application on heavy metals concentration in organically grown O. stamineus and a potential approach to immobilize it using phosphate based amendments. Glasshouse trials has been conducted for study 1 and study 3 whilst incubation study was conducted for study 2 accordingly. Results in the study 1 indicated that the trace metals of lead (Pb) and Zn (Zn) exceeds the threshold value allowed by Pharmacopeia in herbs and by Malaysian Food Act (1983) and Food Regulations (1985) at 10 and 40 mg/kg respectively. This is postulated due to application of chicken manure and organic materials during cultivation. In study 2, 2 sources of apatite were tested: - 1) Egyptian rock phosphate (ERP) and 2) bone meal (BM) under incubation study. The results demonstrated that the dominant lead forms were mainly associated with residual, carbonates and also exist in exchangeable form. From this study, the suitable rate for reducing phyto-available lead in the soil system applied with 10 t/ha chicken manure is at 1 t/ha of Egyptian rock phosphate and 2 t/ha of bone meal. In the third study, the effectiveness of phosphorus on reducing heavy metals were evaluated under controlled condition in the glasshouse. Results demonstrated heavy metals accumulated in the aerial parts of O. stamineus with copper (18.3-37.7 mg/kg), zinc (60.9-92.0 mg/kg) and lead (1.9-3.6 mg/kg). From the fractionation study, the percentage of exchangeable fraction was reduced with application of P-amendments with the highest of 20.2% reduction recorded for 2 t/ha application of triple super phosphate. This is followed by reduction in exchangeable fraction for others treatments: 2 t/ha of bone meal (4.1%), 4 t/ha of bone meal (5.1%), 1 t/ha of Egyptian rock phosphate (8.1%) and 2 t/ha of Egyptian rock phosphate at 17.6%. Applications of P-amendments tested shows effectiveness of TSP in reducing lead in soils. The best treatments are as follows: - 2 t/ha of triple super phosphate> 2 t/ha of Egyptian phosphate rock> 1 t/ha of Egyptian rock phosphate> 4 t/ha of bone meal> 2 t/ha of bone meal. These treatments were recorded as being able to stabilize the Pb as indicated in the percentage reduction of phytoavailable pools into a more stable form of residual pool. Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Soil remediation Plants, Edible 2017-01 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70415/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70415/1/FP%202017%2037%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Soil remediation Plants, Edible
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Soil remediation Heavy metals - Environmental aspects
spellingShingle	Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Soil remediation Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Mulana@Maulana, Khairun Naim In-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth)
description	Sustainable organic herbal production requires utilization of bio-waste materials as plant nutrient sources due to its economical aspect and would ensure continuous productivity. The usage of organic wastes in organic farming system (OFS) as fertilizers and soil amendments should be monitored as the accumulation of heavy metals has been reported in several studies. This study was set up to investigate the effect of chicken manure soil application on heavy metals concentration in organically grown O. stamineus and a potential approach to immobilize it using phosphate based amendments. Glasshouse trials has been conducted for study 1 and study 3 whilst incubation study was conducted for study 2 accordingly. Results in the study 1 indicated that the trace metals of lead (Pb) and Zn (Zn) exceeds the threshold value allowed by Pharmacopeia in herbs and by Malaysian Food Act (1983) and Food Regulations (1985) at 10 and 40 mg/kg respectively. This is postulated due to application of chicken manure and organic materials during cultivation. In study 2, 2 sources of apatite were tested: - 1) Egyptian rock phosphate (ERP) and 2) bone meal (BM) under incubation study. The results demonstrated that the dominant lead forms were mainly associated with residual, carbonates and also exist in exchangeable form. From this study, the suitable rate for reducing phyto-available lead in the soil system applied with 10 t/ha chicken manure is at 1 t/ha of Egyptian rock phosphate and 2 t/ha of bone meal. In the third study, the effectiveness of phosphorus on reducing heavy metals were evaluated under controlled condition in the glasshouse. Results demonstrated heavy metals accumulated in the aerial parts of O. stamineus with copper (18.3-37.7 mg/kg), zinc (60.9-92.0 mg/kg) and lead (1.9-3.6 mg/kg). From the fractionation study, the percentage of exchangeable fraction was reduced with application of P-amendments with the highest of 20.2% reduction recorded for 2 t/ha application of triple super phosphate. This is followed by reduction in exchangeable fraction for others treatments: 2 t/ha of bone meal (4.1%), 4 t/ha of bone meal (5.1%), 1 t/ha of Egyptian rock phosphate (8.1%) and 2 t/ha of Egyptian rock phosphate at 17.6%. Applications of P-amendments tested shows effectiveness of TSP in reducing lead in soils. The best treatments are as follows: - 2 t/ha of triple super phosphate> 2 t/ha of Egyptian phosphate rock> 1 t/ha of Egyptian rock phosphate> 4 t/ha of bone meal> 2 t/ha of bone meal. These treatments were recorded as being able to stabilize the Pb as indicated in the percentage reduction of phytoavailable pools into a more stable form of residual pool.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mulana@Maulana, Khairun Naim
author_facet	Mulana@Maulana, Khairun Naim
author_sort	Mulana@Maulana, Khairun Naim
title	In-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth)
title_short	In-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth)
title_full	In-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth)
title_fullStr	In-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth)
title_full_unstemmed	In-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth)
title_sort	in-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (orthosiphon stamineus benth)
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2017
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70415/1/FP%202017%2037%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747812833452621824

In-situ immobilization of selected heavy metals using different source of phosphate amendments for organic production of misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth)

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