Assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia

In recent years the level of heavy metals in the atmospheric particulate matter in traffic areas has been of considerable concern. This study was conducted to assess the heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM10) in selected traffic areas of Klang Valley. The PM10 samples was c...

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Main Author:	Elawad, Rasheida Elawad Elhadi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Air - Pollution - Research
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70635/1/FPAS%202017%2014%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.70635
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.706352019-08-20T00:50:25Z Assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia 2017-08 Elawad, Rasheida Elawad Elhadi In recent years the level of heavy metals in the atmospheric particulate matter in traffic areas has been of considerable concern. This study was conducted to assess the heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM10) in selected traffic areas of Klang Valley. The PM10 samples was collected at four different areas with three sampling sites with different traffic densities (high, medium and low) during the Southwest and Northeast monsoon from June 2014 to January 2015. The PM10 samples were collected by High Volume Sampler (HVS) using glass fibre filter. The Heavy metals in PM10 were assessed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multivariate statistics using Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used in source identification. Also AERMOD dispersion model was used to simulate PM10 and heavy metals. The finding from this study revealed differences in the mean concentration of PM10 between seasons and different traffic density sites. During the Southwest monsoon, Shah Alam recoded the highest mean concentrations for the high, medium and low traffic density sites with 210.14, 171.74 and 111.56 μg/ m3 respectively. The results recorded for the high and medium traffic sites by far exceeded the standard of 150.0 μg/ m3 of Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG). For the Northeast monsoon season Shah Alam recorded the highest mean concentation (139.28 μg/ m) for high traffic density sites, while Cheras recorded the highest mean concentration of (121.11 and 45.68 μg/ m3) for medium and low traffic density sites respectively. As for the heavy metals the findings showed differences in concentration of heavy metals between seasons and traffic density sites as well. The heavy metals concentration was below the limit of concentration set by both United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO except for Arsenic (As). The finding from CA and PCA identified vehicle exhaust emission, non-exhaust emission (brake wear, tire wear and re-suspension dust) and heavy lubricating oil combustion as major sources of PM10 and heavy metals. The AERMOD model simulation revealed that the maximum concentrations of PM10 and heavy metals were observed in central, southeast, southwest and west of the model domain. The validation of the AERMOD model performed well in simulating PM10 and most of the heavy metals. Owing to the effects of PM10, which is associated with health risks, the level of PM10 and its heavy metals content, especially Arsenic (As), should be monitored frequently to achieve a healthy environment in the study area. Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Air - Pollution - Research 2017-08 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70635/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70635/1/FPAS%202017%2014%20IR.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Air - Pollution - Research
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Air - Pollution - Research
spellingShingle	Heavy metals - Environmental aspects Air - Pollution - Research Elawad, Rasheida Elawad Elhadi Assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia
description	In recent years the level of heavy metals in the atmospheric particulate matter in traffic areas has been of considerable concern. This study was conducted to assess the heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM10) in selected traffic areas of Klang Valley. The PM10 samples was collected at four different areas with three sampling sites with different traffic densities (high, medium and low) during the Southwest and Northeast monsoon from June 2014 to January 2015. The PM10 samples were collected by High Volume Sampler (HVS) using glass fibre filter. The Heavy metals in PM10 were assessed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multivariate statistics using Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used in source identification. Also AERMOD dispersion model was used to simulate PM10 and heavy metals. The finding from this study revealed differences in the mean concentration of PM10 between seasons and different traffic density sites. During the Southwest monsoon, Shah Alam recoded the highest mean concentrations for the high, medium and low traffic density sites with 210.14, 171.74 and 111.56 μg/ m3 respectively. The results recorded for the high and medium traffic sites by far exceeded the standard of 150.0 μg/ m3 of Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG). For the Northeast monsoon season Shah Alam recorded the highest mean concentation (139.28 μg/ m) for high traffic density sites, while Cheras recorded the highest mean concentration of (121.11 and 45.68 μg/ m3) for medium and low traffic density sites respectively. As for the heavy metals the findings showed differences in concentration of heavy metals between seasons and traffic density sites as well. The heavy metals concentration was below the limit of concentration set by both United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO except for Arsenic (As). The finding from CA and PCA identified vehicle exhaust emission, non-exhaust emission (brake wear, tire wear and re-suspension dust) and heavy lubricating oil combustion as major sources of PM10 and heavy metals. The AERMOD model simulation revealed that the maximum concentrations of PM10 and heavy metals were observed in central, southeast, southwest and west of the model domain. The validation of the AERMOD model performed well in simulating PM10 and most of the heavy metals. Owing to the effects of PM10, which is associated with health risks, the level of PM10 and its heavy metals content, especially Arsenic (As), should be monitored frequently to achieve a healthy environment in the study area.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Elawad, Rasheida Elawad Elhadi
author_facet	Elawad, Rasheida Elawad Elhadi
author_sort	Elawad, Rasheida Elawad Elhadi
title	Assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_short	Assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_full	Assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia
title_sort	assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (pm₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the klang valley, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2017
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70635/1/FPAS%202017%2014%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747812879450505216

Assessment of heavy metals concentration in airborne particulate matter (PM₁₀) in selected traffic areas of the Klang Valley, Malaysia

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