Occurrence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs and cats and their antibiotic resistance profiles
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an emerging coagulase positive staphylococci and has now become a threat to animal health due to multidrug resistance with very limited therapeutic options particularly in small animals and it requires urgent action to control its spread. The organism is no...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/70851/1/FPV%202014%2032%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an emerging coagulase positive
staphylococci and has now become a threat to animal health due to
multidrug resistance with very limited therapeutic options particularly in
small animals and it requires urgent action to control its spread. The
organism is now recognised as a significant pathogen in veterinary medicine
causing skin, ear and wound infections. To date, there has been no studies
done on S.pseudintermedius in dogs and cats in Malaysia. The aims of this
study were to determine the presence of S.pseudintermedius in dogs and cats,
to assess their antibiotic susceptibility and to detect mecA and blaZ genes in
the isolates. Swab samples were taken aseptically from 200 apparently
healthy dogs and cats; the sites swabbed were nasal cavity, buccal cavity,
rectum and perineal skin. The animals consisted of pet dogs and cats that
were brought to the Universiti Veterinary Hospital (Universiti Putra
Malaysia) and stray dogs and cats that were kept in an animal shelter. All
samples were cultured on selective media, presumptively identified by
biochemical tests and Staphylococcus spp were confirmed by PCR assay. The
isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using standard disc diffusion
method. The total prevalence of S.pseudintermedius in this study was 11.5%
(23/200), of which 22% (11/50) in stray cats, 18% (9/50) stray dogs, 6%
(3/50) pet dogs and 0% in pet cats animals were found positive to
S.pseudintermedius. Results showed that a high number of stray animals were
colonized with S.pseudintermedius compared to pet animals; this may be due
to high animal density in the shelter, in contact with animals from many
sources and the unknown pathogen carriage status of the majority of
animals. This study also revealed that nasal cavity is the best site for isolation
of the organism (5.5%), followed by buccal cavity (3.5%), skin (2.5%) and rectum (2.5%) but the difference was statistically not significant. In the
second part of the study, S.pseudintermedius were tested against 12
antibiotics. The isolates were 100% resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and
tetracycline, while they showed 100% susceptible to oxacillin, amoxicillinclavulanic
acid, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin,
enrofloxacin, cephalexin and rifampicin. The third part of the study was
carried out to detect the presence of mecA and blaZ genes that are responsible
for the resistance to methicillin and penicillin, respectively. The blaZ gene
which codes for β-lactamases production was found in all of the isolates that
were resistant to penicillin but not to methicillin. The resistance to three
antibiotics showed the isolates as multidrug resistant and poses a significant
risk for choosing drug of choice for treatment that may limit therapeutic
options. Although the prevalence is low compared to other studies, the
presence of S.pseudintermedius in dogs and cats could be a potential source of
zoonotic infection and it has been reported in veterinary personnel and pet
owners. Therefore, it is recommended that contact with infected animals
should be reduced, hand washing should be performed after animal contact
and risk of transmission from animal to animal should be reduced in
veterinary clinics. Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern and
the presence of resistant genes remains an important topic of public health
debate, therefore, common mechanisms of staphylococcal antibiotic resistant
must be understood clearly and management of resistances should be
practised such as prudent antimicrobial usage, including routine treatment
options must be based on culture and susceptibility data when suitable to
decrease the impact of this problem. This study has provided an overview of
S.pseudintermedius in stray and pet dogs and cats in Selangor, Malaysia.
Although the prevalence is quite low, however, those handling dogs and cats
need to take extra precaution. For a better understanding of
S.pseudintermedius concerning pathogenesis and transmission, more studies
on the prevalence and characterization of S.pseudintermedius isolated pet
animals, from veterinary staff and pet owners are needed. |
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