In vitro cytotoxicity properties of Gnetum gnemon L. on selected cancer cell lines
Most people dreaded the side effects of conventional cancer treatment and have resorted to alternative treatments such as herbal therapy which is often have less adverse side effects and less expensive. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential anticancer properties of Gnetum gnemon l...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71155/1/FPSK%28M%29%202015%2080%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Most people dreaded the side effects of conventional cancer treatment and have
resorted to alternative treatments such as herbal therapy which is often have
less adverse side effects and less expensive. This study was conducted to
evaluate the potential anticancer properties of Gnetum gnemon leave extracts
on liver cancer (HepG2), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), hormone-dependent
breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines and normal mouse embryo fibroblast (3T3).
MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay,
Acridine Orange/Propodium Iodide (AO/PI), Fourier Transform Infrared
(FT-IR) and Gas chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy was analysed on both
young and mature leave extracts of ethanol and hexane (YE, ME, YH and
MH). All extracts inhibited proliferation of HepG2 in a concentration and
time-dependent manner with high IC50 values 240.53, 138.53, 249.83 and 257.21
g/mL respectively. The outcome of the model used (fixed effect test) on the
comparing parameters (maturity, solvent and time) on HepG2 cell lines, the
young leaves showed a high significant difference (p<0.05) when compared to
matured leaves. There was no significant difference between the two extraction
solvents. On the other hand, time showed highly significant effect (p<0.001).
All extracts was found to induce apoptosis at the IC50 concentrations in HepG2
due to presence of clear space, decrement in cell number,
ooting cells and
decrease in attached cell number after 72 hours. The AO/PI double staining of
both treated and untreated HepG2 cells with IC50 concentations of YE and ME
confirmed some apoptotic features such as membrane blebbing, cell size
decreases and several necrotic cells after 72 hours. The FT-IR analysis of YE
and ME showed several intense, sharp absorption peaks due to the different
functional groups present (primary amines, secondary amines, alcohol, phenol,
carboxylic acid, aromatics, esters, lactone, aldehyde and ketones). And the GC-MS analysis revealed important bioactive components such as squalene,
α-tocopherol, α and β-sitosterol and Inositol in YE and phytol, inositol, β and ᶌ-sitosterol, α-tocopherol and phenol,2,4-bis(1,1-dimethyl) in ME.
In summary, the morphological studies and AO/PI of treated HepG2 cells with
both YE and ME for up to 72 hours incubation period showed some features of
apoptosis. Conducting cytotoxicity assay with different extraction solvents is
recommended. |
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