Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used herbicide for selective control of broadleaf weeds which has been detected as a major contaminant in surface or underground water since its degradation in water is very slow, with half-life ranging from 4 to7 days in most soil types and up to 6 w...

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Main Author:	Razani, Afini
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	Water - Purification - Photocatalysis Water - Purification - Synthesis
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71200/1/FS%202015%2092%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.71200
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spelling	my-upm-ir.712002019-11-13T08:08:26Z Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2015-04 Razani, Afini 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used herbicide for selective control of broadleaf weeds which has been detected as a major contaminant in surface or underground water since its degradation in water is very slow, with half-life ranging from 4 to7 days in most soil types and up to 6 weeks in acidic soils. The TiO2, 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 were synthesized via co-precipitation method, calcined at 550°C and used as photocatalyst to photodegrade 2,4-D in aqueous solution. The synthesized metal oxides were then characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Band Gap, and Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) surface area analysis. All catalysts exhibited spherical anatase TiO2 phase. With the addition of Fe2O3, the surface area, particle size and band gap energy were lower than undoped TiO2. When comparing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and Fe2O3 doped TiO2, 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 was found to give the highest degradation (33.1%). This may attributed to its small particle size (12.67 nm) and low band gap energy (~3.07). Conventional method and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Face-Centred Central Composite Design (FCCCD) was used to optimize the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D using 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 as catalyst. The optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D using 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 were predicted at 10 mg/L of initial concentration of 2,4-D, 1.0 g of mass loading of 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 and initial 2,4-D pH of 4.0 with a predicted percentage of degradation of 45.24%. The model was validated and the result showed no significant difference between the experimental and the predicted percentage of degradation. The photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst remained unchanged after the first cycles of photodegradation experiments which indicate the stability of the catalyst until the fifth cycle. Water - Purification - Photocatalysis Water - Purification - Synthesis 2015-04 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71200/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71200/1/FS%202015%2092%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Water - Purification - Photocatalysis Water - Purification - Synthesis
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Water - Purification - Photocatalysis Water - Purification - Synthesis
spellingShingle	Water - Purification - Photocatalysis Water - Purification - Synthesis Razani, Afini Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
description	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a widely used herbicide for selective control of broadleaf weeds which has been detected as a major contaminant in surface or underground water since its degradation in water is very slow, with half-life ranging from 4 to7 days in most soil types and up to 6 weeks in acidic soils. The TiO2, 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 were synthesized via co-precipitation method, calcined at 550°C and used as photocatalyst to photodegrade 2,4-D in aqueous solution. The synthesized metal oxides were then characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Band Gap, and Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) surface area analysis. All catalysts exhibited spherical anatase TiO2 phase. With the addition of Fe2O3, the surface area, particle size and band gap energy were lower than undoped TiO2. When comparing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and Fe2O3 doped TiO2, 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 was found to give the highest degradation (33.1%). This may attributed to its small particle size (12.67 nm) and low band gap energy (~3.07). Conventional method and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Face-Centred Central Composite Design (FCCCD) was used to optimize the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D using 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 as catalyst. The optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D using 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 were predicted at 10 mg/L of initial concentration of 2,4-D, 1.0 g of mass loading of 0.05% Fe2O3 doped TiO2 and initial 2,4-D pH of 4.0 with a predicted percentage of degradation of 45.24%. The model was validated and the result showed no significant difference between the experimental and the predicted percentage of degradation. The photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst remained unchanged after the first cycles of photodegradation experiments which indicate the stability of the catalyst until the fifth cycle.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Razani, Afini
author_facet	Razani, Afini
author_sort	Razani, Afini
title	Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_short	Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_full	Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_fullStr	Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
title_sort	synthesis of tio₂ and fe₂o₃-doped tio₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2015
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71200/1/FS%202015%2092%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747812989813129216

Synthesis of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃-doped TiO₂ for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

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