Antibacterial Activity of Seaweed Extract and its Effects on the DNA Sequence of Selected Essential Genes of Staphylococcus Aureus
Mortality rate caused by bacteria infections is increasing to nearly 20 million deaths each year, world wide. One of the common causes contributing to the death is the increasing number of antibiotic resistance pathogens including Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Extended Spect...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2007
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7136/1/FPSK%28M%29_2008_3a.pdf |
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| Summary: | Mortality rate caused by bacteria infections is increasing to nearly 20 million
deaths each year, world wide. One of the common causes contributing to the death
is the increasing number of antibiotic resistance pathogens including Methicillin
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase
(ESBL) organisms, and Multiple Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO). Therefore,
this study was designed to explore an alternative antibacterial product derived from
seaweed extracts, Gracilaria changii and Euchema denticulatum, through several
approaches including bioassays and molecular biology tools especially the study of
DNA and RNA encoding genes of interest in MRSA and non-MRSA.
Bioassay studies revealed that G. changii and E. denticulatum extracts showed
inhibitory activity only on gram positive organisms tested including S. aureus and
Streptococcus pyogenes which were expressed in terms of minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test. Thus,gram negative pathogens tested including Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae,
Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistant phenotypic
pattern to both extracts. Since G. changii and E. denticulatum extracts showed
inhibitory activity against S. aureus, five genes in this pathogen were chosen to
study the effect of both seaweed extracts on the genes through PCR and RT-PCR
analysis. The results indicated genes for DNA repair, adaB; cell wall biogenesis
gene, sav1017; and mecA gene yielding substantial effect by showing changes in
the sequence of the genes. Based on the changes in the selected gene sequences of
treated S. aureus isolates, the inhibitory activity for both seaweeds extracts on the
respective genes is predicted according to the function of each gene. G. changii
and E. denticulatum extracts were predicted to interfere with the function of adaB
gene in producing the methyltransferase enzyme which was involved in the DNA
repair in S. aureus. Both extracts were also predicted to interfere with the activity
of sav1017 gene in producing UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine transferase enzyme
which is involved in the peptidoglycan synthesis in S. aureus since peptidoglycan
is the major component in the cell wall of bacteria. However, the predicted
inhibitory mechanism of both seaweeds extracts on mecA gene cannot be
speculated based on the present research approach.
As a conclusion, G. changii and E. denticulatum extract can be categorized as a
narrow spectrum antibacterial agent against S. aureus and S. pyogenes in vitro. The
effectiveness of both seaweed extracts in affecting cell wall synthesis and DNA
repair gene in S. aureus has significant conotation. The finding of antibacterial
activity by both extracts against MRSA and non-MRSA strains is hoped to have potential in producing alternative antibacterial agents from natural resources,
against resistant S. aureus to reduce the infections and fatality. |
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