Antioxidant and antibacterial potential of Malaysian Phyllanthus amarus thonn & schum, Phyllanthus niruri linn, and Phyllanthus urinaria linn
Natural products have long been consumed because of its convincing abilities in treating health related diseases. With the progression of science and technology, the use of natural products for medical applications is getting more popular and is being recognized. One of the most prominent trad...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/71506/1/FPSK%28M%29%202012%2050%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Natural products have long been consumed because of its convincing abilities in
treating health related diseases. With the progression of science and technology, the
use of natural products for medical applications is getting more popular and is being
recognized. One of the most prominent traditional plant in Malaysia in which its
medicinal values has yet to be discovered is Phyllanthus species. It originates from
the family of Euphorbiaceae. This family comprises over 700 species in the world of
flora and is well distributed mostly in tropical and subtropical countries.
We often face the restriction to obtain health benefited medicinal plants continuously
from wild. And, the bioactive activities from plants may vary from different location
because of different biotic growth environment. Beside that, there is limited research
study on health related properties about this plant in Malaysia especially the
comparison among three different species. Thus, this study was conducted to
determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three Phyllanthus species and to identify possible polyphenols that are present in these plants. All plants were
cultured at the same sheltered net house and growing condition. The supply of plants
sources were continuous and standardized to minimize variation of active ingredient
content which could occur as a result of environmental abiotic and biotic stress.
The aerial section of Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus niruri and Phyllanthus
urinaria was extracted with methanol and water. Water extract antioxidant activity
and total phenolic content decreased in the order of Phyllanthus niruri > Phyllanthus
amarus > Phyllanthus urinaria. However, methanol extract showed that this activity
decreased in the order of Phyllanthus niruri > Phyllanthus urinaria > Phyllanthus
amarus. From a positive correlation of 0.954 < r2 < 1.000 between antioxidant
activity and total phenolic content, methanol extract showed higher total phenolic
content and antioxidant activity as compared with water extract. ANOVA test
indicated a significant difference of antioxidant activity among the species in water
and methanol extract.
Water extract and methanol extract at the concentration of 100 mg/mL and 50
mg/mL of the three plant samples tested against both gram positive and gram
negative bacterial. Both extract inhibited gram positive bacterial only at the range of
inhibition zone of 1.15 to 1.70 cm. Lowest minimum inhibition concentration value
for water extract and methanol extract were < 2.5 mg/mL and < 0.625 mg/mL. Value
for minimum bactericidal concentration of water and methanol extracts were > 2.5
mg/mL and > 0.625 mg/mL.Polyphenol compounds, gallic acid, digalloyglucopyranoside, corilagin and geraniin
were identified from water and methanol extract. Gallic acid was found in water
extract of all three species only. Geraniin was found in both water and methanol
extract of all three species as major compounds and highest concentration. Corilagin
and digalloyglucopyranoside were only identified in water and methanol extract of
Phyllanthus niruri. Overall, water extract yielded more types of phytochemicals.
The study concluded that methanol extract showed higher and wider inhibition
potential than water extract. Phyllanthus niruri possess the most potent protective
and antioxidant activity among the species. Listeria monocytogenes and
Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive strains. |
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