Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Middle-Aged Women of Babol City, Mazandaran Province, Iran
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interconnected cardiovascular risk factors. Existing data suggest that it has reached an alarming rate, and it is found more common in women than in men. Obesity plays a central role in metabolic syndrome and it has become a common factor among Iranian women. Ac...
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Metabolic Cardiovascular Syndrome - Female |
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Metabolic Cardiovascular Syndrome - Female Delavar, Mouloud Agajani Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Middle-Aged Women of Babol City, Mazandaran Province, Iran |
| description |
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interconnected cardiovascular risk factors.
Existing data suggest that it has reached an alarming rate, and it is found more
common in women than in men. Obesity plays a central role in metabolic syndrome
and it has become a common factor among Iranian women. Accordingly, it is
important to elucidate both lifestyle and dietary factors to the development of
metabolic syndrome among middle-aged women so as to prevent and manage the
syndrome in a much better way.
The research design of the present thesis was a population-based cross-sectional
study, and the criteria by the NCEP ATP III were used to classify subjects with
metabolic syndrome. Meanwhile, their physical activities were measured using the
original International Physical Activity Questionnaires Long form. Food frequency
questionnaire (FFQ) was also used in assessing individual’s habitual intake. A total
of 984 individuals, aged 30-50 year old from fourteen active urban primary
healthcare centres in Babol (Iran), were selected using a systematic random sampling method and sampling proportionate to size. Thus, lifestyle factors associated with
metabolic syndrome were analyzed.
Among the Babolian middle-aged women living in the urban area, the prevalence of
metabolic syndrome was found to be 31.0 %. Overweight and abdominal obesity
were also observed, and these were found around 38.0 % and 76.6 %, respectively.
Older age, higher waist circumference, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure,
low education level, housewife and occupation (technician) were found to be
associated with the increased odds of metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, the
adjusted odds ratio (OR) showed no significant associations between metabolic
syndrome and smoking or the exposure to cigarette smoking. The moderate intensity
of the physical activities was positively associated with systolic blood pressure
(rho=0.07, p=0.03), cholesterol (rho=0.07, p=0.04), and triglyceride (rho=0.67,
p=0.04). Meanwhile, vigorous physical activity was inversely correlated with waist
circumference (rho=-0.07, p=0.04). Their total physical activity was found to be
positively correlated with triglyceride (rho=0.09, p= 0.01), but was inversely
correlated with HDL-cholesterol (rho=-0.07, p=0.04). The chi-square test did not
reveal any statistically significant difference in the levels of the physical activities
between these women, either with or without metabolic syndrome. The mean total
kilocalories consumed per day were 2965. The study also suggests that a good
dietary pattern which is rich in fruit, legumes, vegetables, cereals, and fish
(component 1), as well as the high intakes of dairy products and eggs (component 4)
decrease the likelihood of metabolic syndrome. The adjusted OR for metabolic
syndrome in women with low fat intake was significantly higher than in those
women with high and moderate fat intake (OR=2.923; 95% CI=1.36, 6.28). The risk of metabolic syndrome for women in the first quartile category of calcium was found
to be higher than those in the highest quartile (OR=13.200; 95% CI =7.94, 21.93),
and in the lowest category of black tea was indicated as lower than those in the
highest categories (OR=0.181; 95% CI =0.11, 0.31).
The findings of the present study indicated that a high prevalence of obesity and
metabolic syndrome was identified among the middle-aged women, making this
syndrome one of the major public health problems in Babol. Therefore, it is
necessary to emphasize on the benefits of lifestyle modifications, including weight
loss, and the intakes or consumption of more fruit, legumes, vegetables, cereals, fish,
dairy products, and the increase in the intakes of food containing calcium in reducing
the risk of metabolic syndrome. |
| format |
Thesis |
| qualification_level |
Master's degree |
| author |
Delavar, Mouloud Agajani |
| author_facet |
Delavar, Mouloud Agajani |
| author_sort |
Delavar, Mouloud Agajani |
| title |
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Middle-Aged Women of Babol City, Mazandaran Province, Iran |
| title_short |
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Middle-Aged Women of Babol City, Mazandaran Province, Iran |
| title_full |
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Middle-Aged Women of Babol City, Mazandaran Province, Iran |
| title_fullStr |
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Middle-Aged Women of Babol City, Mazandaran Province, Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Middle-Aged Women of Babol City, Mazandaran Province, Iran |
| title_sort |
dietary and lifestyle factors associated with metabolic syndrome in urban middle-aged women of babol city, mazandaran province, iran |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| granting_department |
Medicine and Health Sciences |
| publishDate |
2009 |
| url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7216/1/FPSK%28P%29_2009_3a.pdf |
| _version_ |
1747810675658326016 |
| spelling |
my-upm-ir.72162013-05-27T07:34:08Z Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Middle-Aged Women of Babol City, Mazandaran Province, Iran 2009 Delavar, Mouloud Agajani Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interconnected cardiovascular risk factors. Existing data suggest that it has reached an alarming rate, and it is found more common in women than in men. Obesity plays a central role in metabolic syndrome and it has become a common factor among Iranian women. Accordingly, it is important to elucidate both lifestyle and dietary factors to the development of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged women so as to prevent and manage the syndrome in a much better way. The research design of the present thesis was a population-based cross-sectional study, and the criteria by the NCEP ATP III were used to classify subjects with metabolic syndrome. Meanwhile, their physical activities were measured using the original International Physical Activity Questionnaires Long form. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was also used in assessing individual’s habitual intake. A total of 984 individuals, aged 30-50 year old from fourteen active urban primary healthcare centres in Babol (Iran), were selected using a systematic random sampling method and sampling proportionate to size. Thus, lifestyle factors associated with metabolic syndrome were analyzed. Among the Babolian middle-aged women living in the urban area, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 31.0 %. Overweight and abdominal obesity were also observed, and these were found around 38.0 % and 76.6 %, respectively. Older age, higher waist circumference, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low education level, housewife and occupation (technician) were found to be associated with the increased odds of metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) showed no significant associations between metabolic syndrome and smoking or the exposure to cigarette smoking. The moderate intensity of the physical activities was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (rho=0.07, p=0.03), cholesterol (rho=0.07, p=0.04), and triglyceride (rho=0.67, p=0.04). Meanwhile, vigorous physical activity was inversely correlated with waist circumference (rho=-0.07, p=0.04). Their total physical activity was found to be positively correlated with triglyceride (rho=0.09, p= 0.01), but was inversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol (rho=-0.07, p=0.04). The chi-square test did not reveal any statistically significant difference in the levels of the physical activities between these women, either with or without metabolic syndrome. The mean total kilocalories consumed per day were 2965. The study also suggests that a good dietary pattern which is rich in fruit, legumes, vegetables, cereals, and fish (component 1), as well as the high intakes of dairy products and eggs (component 4) decrease the likelihood of metabolic syndrome. The adjusted OR for metabolic syndrome in women with low fat intake was significantly higher than in those women with high and moderate fat intake (OR=2.923; 95% CI=1.36, 6.28). The risk of metabolic syndrome for women in the first quartile category of calcium was found to be higher than those in the highest quartile (OR=13.200; 95% CI =7.94, 21.93), and in the lowest category of black tea was indicated as lower than those in the highest categories (OR=0.181; 95% CI =0.11, 0.31). The findings of the present study indicated that a high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome was identified among the middle-aged women, making this syndrome one of the major public health problems in Babol. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize on the benefits of lifestyle modifications, including weight loss, and the intakes or consumption of more fruit, legumes, vegetables, cereals, fish, dairy products, and the increase in the intakes of food containing calcium in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic Cardiovascular Syndrome - Female 2009 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7216/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/7216/1/FPSK%28P%29_2009_3a.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Metabolic Cardiovascular Syndrome - Female Medicine and Health Sciences English |