Development of a hydrological index for mangrove in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia

Mangrove hydrology is threatened by the massive degradation resulted from anthropogenic impacts such as rapid development and other land uses over the years. This study was implemented to characterize the climate and hydrological conditions with the seasonal and tidal variations and further develope...

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Main Author:	Nik Zaidin, Nik Harun Al-Rashid
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	Forest hydrology Forest reserves - Perak - Matang Mangrove forests
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75819/1/FH%202018%2020%20-%20IR.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.75819
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.758192019-11-20T04:25:01Z Development of a hydrological index for mangrove in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia 2017-12 Nik Zaidin, Nik Harun Al-Rashid Mangrove hydrology is threatened by the massive degradation resulted from anthropogenic impacts such as rapid development and other land uses over the years. This study was implemented to characterize the climate and hydrological conditions with the seasonal and tidal variations and further developed an index to assess the mangrove hydrological conditions using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Climate data were acquired from the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) from 1989 to 2014 and the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) from 1995 to 2014. Water samples from 24 sampling stations were collected from four rivers (Sg Tiram Laut, Sg. Jarum Mas, Sg. Tinggi, and Sg. Sepetang) representing three areas of Matang Mangrove (i.e. Kuala Trong, Sungai Kerang, and Kuala Sepetang) during the dry period (June and July) and the wet period (November and December) of 2015. In-situ data collection (DO, pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, salinity, temperature, river width, depth, and velocity) and laboratory analysis of TSS were conducted according to Standard Methods (APHA, 2012). Results from the climatic data analysis showed that the period 1999 to 2000 recorded the highest total rainfall for all sampled stations. Bukit Larut recorded the highest average annual rainfall (4,008.3 mm in 1999), and highest total rainfall (5,244 mm in 1999). Range for parameters in all sampled rivers were as follows: DO (0.16–12.36 mgL-1), temperature (26.70–32.90 °C), pH (6.21–9.81), EC (0.50–468.10 μScm-1), TDS (0.06–57.30 gL-1), salinity (0.10–32.33 ppt), turbidity (2.29–819.00 NTU), and TSS (0.10–41.70 mgL-1). Based on the PCA analysis, two of the parameters came out as important metrics for Mangrove Hydrology Index (MHI) which were TDS (score = 0.50) and salinity (score = 0.50). Findings from this study exhibited that the activities adjacent to the Matang Mangrove rivers, such as aquaculture, agriculture, and tourism contributed to the water quality dynamics, particularly TDS and salinity. Thus, the Mangrove Hydrological Index formulated might be able to benchmark the hydrology conditions and acts as a guideline for future land uses in mangrove. Forest hydrology Forest reserves - Perak - Matang Mangrove forests 2017-12 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75819/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75819/1/FH%202018%2020%20-%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Forest hydrology Forest reserves - Perak - Matang Mangrove forests
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Forest hydrology Forest reserves - Perak - Matang Mangrove forests
spellingShingle	Forest hydrology Forest reserves - Perak - Matang Mangrove forests Nik Zaidin, Nik Harun Al-Rashid Development of a hydrological index for mangrove in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia
description	Mangrove hydrology is threatened by the massive degradation resulted from anthropogenic impacts such as rapid development and other land uses over the years. This study was implemented to characterize the climate and hydrological conditions with the seasonal and tidal variations and further developed an index to assess the mangrove hydrological conditions using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Climate data were acquired from the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) from 1989 to 2014 and the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) from 1995 to 2014. Water samples from 24 sampling stations were collected from four rivers (Sg Tiram Laut, Sg. Jarum Mas, Sg. Tinggi, and Sg. Sepetang) representing three areas of Matang Mangrove (i.e. Kuala Trong, Sungai Kerang, and Kuala Sepetang) during the dry period (June and July) and the wet period (November and December) of 2015. In-situ data collection (DO, pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, salinity, temperature, river width, depth, and velocity) and laboratory analysis of TSS were conducted according to Standard Methods (APHA, 2012). Results from the climatic data analysis showed that the period 1999 to 2000 recorded the highest total rainfall for all sampled stations. Bukit Larut recorded the highest average annual rainfall (4,008.3 mm in 1999), and highest total rainfall (5,244 mm in 1999). Range for parameters in all sampled rivers were as follows: DO (0.16–12.36 mgL-1), temperature (26.70–32.90 °C), pH (6.21–9.81), EC (0.50–468.10 μScm-1), TDS (0.06–57.30 gL-1), salinity (0.10–32.33 ppt), turbidity (2.29–819.00 NTU), and TSS (0.10–41.70 mgL-1). Based on the PCA analysis, two of the parameters came out as important metrics for Mangrove Hydrology Index (MHI) which were TDS (score = 0.50) and salinity (score = 0.50). Findings from this study exhibited that the activities adjacent to the Matang Mangrove rivers, such as aquaculture, agriculture, and tourism contributed to the water quality dynamics, particularly TDS and salinity. Thus, the Mangrove Hydrological Index formulated might be able to benchmark the hydrology conditions and acts as a guideline for future land uses in mangrove.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Nik Zaidin, Nik Harun Al-Rashid
author_facet	Nik Zaidin, Nik Harun Al-Rashid
author_sort	Nik Zaidin, Nik Harun Al-Rashid
title	Development of a hydrological index for mangrove in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia
title_short	Development of a hydrological index for mangrove in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia
title_full	Development of a hydrological index for mangrove in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia
title_fullStr	Development of a hydrological index for mangrove in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Development of a hydrological index for mangrove in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia
title_sort	development of a hydrological index for mangrove in matang mangrove forest reserve, peninsular malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2017
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/75819/1/FH%202018%2020%20-%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747813094086672384

Development of a hydrological index for mangrove in Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia

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