Behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats

Objective: This study aimed to identify the behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in Wistar rats. Methodology: Study involved the in vivo test that was conducted by using Toxoplasma gondii RH strain on rats to perform the behavioral tes...

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Main Author:	Che Omar, Siti Shafiyyah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	Toxoplasmosis - pathogenicity Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/76691/1/FPSK%28M%29%202018%2048%20-%20IR.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.766912020-02-03T01:50:01Z Behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats 2017-07 Che Omar, Siti Shafiyyah Objective: This study aimed to identify the behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in Wistar rats. Methodology: Study involved the in vivo test that was conducted by using Toxoplasma gondii RH strain on rats to perform the behavioral tests. Locomotor activity in Open-Field Test (OFT), anxiety study in Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) and working memory study in Novel Object Discrimination test (NOD) were performed for the determination of toxoplasmosis profile on animal model. Thirty five male Wistar rats were used in the study and divided into five groups which were control group (negative control), Toxoplasma-infected group and three groups of positive control; Amphetamine, Diazepam, Scopolamine. All dosage administrated orally gavages to each rats in the control and T. gondii groups on the first day and profile behavioral test was performed after a six weeks. After the completion of behavioral study, rats were sacrificed and their brain, liver and kidney were collected to evaluate any morphological changes through histopathological examination. DNA extraction of samples (Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded) were conducted and followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of T. gondii B1 gene. Results: This study showed that there was a significant difference of mean score of gridline in locomotor activity; thirty minutes (counts) of crossing the gridline at the p<0.05 level among the three groups F (2, 15) = 10.548, p=0.001. In anxiety study, two parameters were performed on each rat; time spent in open arms and open arm entries frequency. Toxoplasma-infected group showed significant increases in both of open arm time spent and open arm entries frequency compared with control group. In Novel Object Discrimination test, the result revealed that there was a significant difference in exploration time (mean time spent ) on the familiar object (A3) and novel object (B) in control group for exploration time, from A3 (M = 0.04, SD = 0.03) to B (M = 0.07, SD = 0.05), t (4) = -2.92, p < 0.04. Both discrimination index and discrimination ratio show significant difference between three groups; F (2, 12) = 5.734, p=0.018; F (2, 12) = 5.962, p=0.016. Histopathological examination revealed that the morphological of appearance of lesions on the brain was identified in Toxoplasma-infected group. Meanwhile in control group no lesions were detected (normal). Through the molecular study (PCR) it was confirmed the presence of T. gondii in the tissue sample. Conclusion: T. gondii RH strain in Wistar rats was demonstrated to cause hyperactivity in locomotor; memory deficit in novel object discrimination and reflect the less anxiety by entering more entries and time spent in open arm. It is clear that Toxoplasma gondii infection reflects the behavior profiles on the host. Due to the specific strains and species of host; RH strain is virulent strain giving less potential to produced cysts in the brain and higher sensitivity and specificity of PCR yielded the desired positive outcomes of 301 base pair B1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis - pathogenicity Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma 2017-07 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/76691/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/76691/1/FPSK%28M%29%202018%2048%20-%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Toxoplasmosis - pathogenicity Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Toxoplasmosis - pathogenicity Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma
spellingShingle	Toxoplasmosis - pathogenicity Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasma Che Omar, Siti Shafiyyah Behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats
description	Objective: This study aimed to identify the behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in Wistar rats. Methodology: Study involved the in vivo test that was conducted by using Toxoplasma gondii RH strain on rats to perform the behavioral tests. Locomotor activity in Open-Field Test (OFT), anxiety study in Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) and working memory study in Novel Object Discrimination test (NOD) were performed for the determination of toxoplasmosis profile on animal model. Thirty five male Wistar rats were used in the study and divided into five groups which were control group (negative control), Toxoplasma-infected group and three groups of positive control; Amphetamine, Diazepam, Scopolamine. All dosage administrated orally gavages to each rats in the control and T. gondii groups on the first day and profile behavioral test was performed after a six weeks. After the completion of behavioral study, rats were sacrificed and their brain, liver and kidney were collected to evaluate any morphological changes through histopathological examination. DNA extraction of samples (Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded) were conducted and followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of T. gondii B1 gene. Results: This study showed that there was a significant difference of mean score of gridline in locomotor activity; thirty minutes (counts) of crossing the gridline at the p<0.05 level among the three groups F (2, 15) = 10.548, p=0.001. In anxiety study, two parameters were performed on each rat; time spent in open arms and open arm entries frequency. Toxoplasma-infected group showed significant increases in both of open arm time spent and open arm entries frequency compared with control group. In Novel Object Discrimination test, the result revealed that there was a significant difference in exploration time (mean time spent ) on the familiar object (A3) and novel object (B) in control group for exploration time, from A3 (M = 0.04, SD = 0.03) to B (M = 0.07, SD = 0.05), t (4) = -2.92, p < 0.04. Both discrimination index and discrimination ratio show significant difference between three groups; F (2, 12) = 5.734, p=0.018; F (2, 12) = 5.962, p=0.016. Histopathological examination revealed that the morphological of appearance of lesions on the brain was identified in Toxoplasma-infected group. Meanwhile in control group no lesions were detected (normal). Through the molecular study (PCR) it was confirmed the presence of T. gondii in the tissue sample. Conclusion: T. gondii RH strain in Wistar rats was demonstrated to cause hyperactivity in locomotor; memory deficit in novel object discrimination and reflect the less anxiety by entering more entries and time spent in open arm. It is clear that Toxoplasma gondii infection reflects the behavior profiles on the host. Due to the specific strains and species of host; RH strain is virulent strain giving less potential to produced cysts in the brain and higher sensitivity and specificity of PCR yielded the desired positive outcomes of 301 base pair B1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Che Omar, Siti Shafiyyah
author_facet	Che Omar, Siti Shafiyyah
author_sort	Che Omar, Siti Shafiyyah
title	Behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats
title_short	Behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats
title_full	Behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats
title_fullStr	Behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats
title_full_unstemmed	Behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats
title_sort	behavioural and cognitive changes induced by toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2017
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/76691/1/FPSK%28M%29%202018%2048%20-%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747813175267426304

Behavioural and cognitive changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii and its pathological development in wistar rats

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