Biological control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus thuringiensis
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is an important cash crop of Sarawak. However the plantations are facing challenges due to widespread infestation of root-knot nematode. Development of biological control methods to address this problem is important for sustainable farming as well as consumer health...
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my-upm-ir.780512022-01-21T02:13:33Z Biological control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus thuringiensis 2012-08 Pau, Chen Guan Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is an important cash crop of Sarawak. However the plantations are facing challenges due to widespread infestation of root-knot nematode. Development of biological control methods to address this problem is important for sustainable farming as well as consumer health. Paecilomyces lilacinus (PL), a saprophytic soil fungus has drawn many research attentions owing to its promising effect in parasitizing and controlling population of phytonematodes. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), a spore forming bacterium with well known insecticidal property also has been reported in demonstrating toxicity towards root-knot nematodes. Ten indigenous strains of PL and a strain of BT carrying Cry6 and Cry14 gene sequences were isolated as an initiative to combat root-knot nematode (RKN) problem. In female nematode bioassay on water agar, PL demonstrated high significant colonization (>90%, P<0.01) on female. In egg parasitism test, spore suspension (105 spore/ml) of PLA exhibited 78.8% parasitism on eggs. Meanwhile, hatching rates of nematode eggs incubated in spore suspension of PLA for seven days were significantly reduced; 89% of eggs were hatch-inhibited as compared to control (26%). Pot trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PL and BT in managing RKN infestation on black pepper cuttings in single (PL alone, BT alone) and concomitant treatment (BT + PL) under opened house condition. All treatments manifested significant reduction in root gall index as compared to control in the 70 days treatment. In 140 days treatment, fenamiphos and PL were recorded to produce the lowest number of gall per root system (14.6 and 71.9 galls/root system respectively). The percentages of reduction in nematode reproduction factor (Rf) for these two treatments were at the greatest, 99.8% and 99.2% respectively. BT and concomitant treatments exhibited no significant difference in term of the number of gall per gram of root as compared to control in both 140 days and 180 days of treatments. In experiment II and III, PLA alone appeared to demonstrate better suppression of RKN per root system than in dual combination treatment (BT+PLA). For 180 days treatments, RKN reproduction factor for fenamiphos, PLA, BT and BT+PLA treatments were 0, 47, 113 and 108 respectively. The above investigation provides opportunity to further evaluate PLA’s efficacy in field trial with integrated management. Nematodes - Biological control Pepper (Spice) industry 2012-08 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78051/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78051/1/FSPM%202012%205%20ir.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Nematodes - Biological control Pepper (Spice) industry Leong, Stephen Chan Teck |
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Universiti Putra Malaysia |
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PSAS Institutional Repository |
language |
English |
advisor |
Leong, Stephen Chan Teck |
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Nematodes - Biological control Pepper (Spice) industry |
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Nematodes - Biological control Pepper (Spice) industry Pau, Chen Guan Biological control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus thuringiensis |
description |
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is an important cash crop of Sarawak. However the
plantations are facing challenges due to widespread infestation of root-knot
nematode. Development of biological control methods to address this problem is
important for sustainable farming as well as consumer health. Paecilomyces lilacinus
(PL), a saprophytic soil fungus has drawn many research attentions owing to its
promising effect in parasitizing and controlling population of phytonematodes.
Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), a spore forming bacterium with well known insecticidal
property also has been reported in demonstrating toxicity towards root-knot
nematodes. Ten indigenous strains of PL and a strain of BT carrying Cry6 and
Cry14 gene sequences were isolated as an initiative to combat root-knot nematode
(RKN) problem. In female nematode bioassay on water agar, PL demonstrated high
significant colonization (>90%, P<0.01) on female. In egg parasitism test, spore
suspension (105 spore/ml) of PLA exhibited 78.8% parasitism on eggs. Meanwhile, hatching rates of nematode eggs incubated in spore suspension of PLA for seven
days were significantly reduced; 89% of eggs were hatch-inhibited as compared to
control (26%). Pot trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PL and BT in
managing RKN infestation on black pepper cuttings in single (PL alone, BT alone)
and concomitant treatment (BT + PL) under opened house condition. All treatments
manifested significant reduction in root gall index as compared to control in the 70
days treatment. In 140 days treatment, fenamiphos and PL were recorded to produce
the lowest number of gall per root system (14.6 and 71.9 galls/root system
respectively). The percentages of reduction in nematode reproduction factor (Rf) for
these two treatments were at the greatest, 99.8% and 99.2% respectively. BT and
concomitant treatments exhibited no significant difference in term of the number of
gall per gram of root as compared to control in both 140 days and 180 days of
treatments. In experiment II and III, PLA alone appeared to demonstrate better
suppression of RKN per root system than in dual combination treatment (BT+PLA).
For 180 days treatments, RKN reproduction factor for fenamiphos, PLA, BT and
BT+PLA treatments were 0, 47, 113 and 108 respectively. The above investigation
provides opportunity to further evaluate PLA’s efficacy in field trial with integrated
management. |
format |
Thesis |
qualification_level |
Master's degree |
author |
Pau, Chen Guan |
author_facet |
Pau, Chen Guan |
author_sort |
Pau, Chen Guan |
title |
Biological control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus thuringiensis |
title_short |
Biological control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus thuringiensis |
title_full |
Biological control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus thuringiensis |
title_fullStr |
Biological control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus thuringiensis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biological control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) using paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus thuringiensis |
title_sort |
biological control of root knot nematodes (meloidogyne incognita) on black pepper (piper nigrum l.) using paecilomyces lilacinus and bacillus thuringiensis |
granting_institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78051/1/FSPM%202012%205%20ir.pdf |
_version_ |
1747813277092544512 |