Seaweed communities of inter-tidal rocky shores around Bintulu, Malaysia
Assessments (environmental relationship, diversity and chemical composition) on seaweed communities were carried out at inter-tidal rocky shores around Bintulu, Sarawak from January to October 2008. A total of 35 species of seaweeds were recorded from five rocky shores: Tg. Batu (15 species), Tel...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78057/1/FSPM%202013%205%20ir.pdf |
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| Summary: | Assessments (environmental relationship, diversity and chemical composition) on
seaweed communities were carried out at inter-tidal rocky shores around Bintulu,
Sarawak from January to October 2008. A total of 35 species of seaweeds were
recorded from five rocky shores: Tg. Batu (15 species), Telekom Beach (22 species),
Similajau National Park (21 species), Kuala Similajau (27 species) and Kg. Kuala
Nyalau (28 species). Rhodophyta was the most diverse division followed by
Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta. There was no distinct zonation for seaweed
distribution in all rocky shores with species of Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and
Rhodophyta divisions were recorded at different level of inter-tidal (lower, middle
and higher) shores and overlapped.
Diverse life forms of seaweed were observed as adaption to the environment with
many microhabitats. Five types of seaweed life forms were identified namely
epilithic, epipelic, epiphytic, epizoic and drift. The same seaweed species can be
found in any of the mode of life form such as Ulva intestinalis, Padina minor and Amphiroa fragilissima. However, epilithic seaweeds (45-56.76%) occurred to be the
most occurring life form at all study sites and followed by epizoic seaweeds (23.64-
33.33%). Based on Bray-Curtis 70% similarity evaluation, three distinct clusters on
the species occurrence in relation to months were observed at Tg. Batu, six at
Telekom Beach, two at Similajau National Park, two at Kuala Similajau and three at
Kg. Kuala Nyalau. Jaccard community similarity coefficient index showed that
seaweed from Kuala Similajau and Kg. Kuala Nyalau were most similar.
Based on BVSTEP analysis, combination of four physical variables (salinity,
turbidity, conductivity and total suspended solid) with Spearman rank correlation (ρ)
0.877 at Telekom Beach and a combination of two chemical variables (ammonium
and orthophosphate) with (ρ) 0.771 at Kg. Kuala Nyalau were the best combinations
for occurrence and distribution of seaweed at each site. No specific variable was
recorded e.g. salinity at Similajau National Park with (ρ) 0.853 and nitrite at Tg. Batu
with (ρ) 0.580.
There were significant difference (p<0.01) of proximate composition and minerals
between selected seaweed species. Moisture content was found highest in
Rhodophyta (82.68-88.56%) and ash highest in Chlorophyta (23.79-32.50%). Crude
protein, crude fat, crude fiber were highest in Padina minor (6.36% of dry matter of
100 g of plant), Acetabularia major (0.84%) and Anadyomene plicata (16.77%).
Acanthophora spicifera contained highest percentage of total carbohydrate with
67.32%. This study showed seaweeds contained high quantity of macro-minerals (Ca,
Mg, N and K) ranged from 143.73-3360.33 mg/100g and micro-minerals (Fe, Zn, Cu
and Mn) ranged from 1.34-650.81 mg/100g. |
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