Sediment carbon storage and related chemical properties of mangrove forest in Sarawak, Malaysia
Mangrove forest is one of the fifth forest types found in Sarawak and its existence is beneficial for economic activities and ecology balancing. A study of a mangrove forests in sequestering carbon and related chemical soil properties was conducted at Wildlife Sanctuary Sibuti, Miri (WSSM) Mangro...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78125/1/FSPM%202013%2013%20ir.pdf |
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| Summary: | Mangrove forest is one of the fifth forest types found in Sarawak and its existence is
beneficial for economic activities and ecology balancing. A study of a mangrove
forests in sequestering carbon and related chemical soil properties was conducted at
Wildlife Sanctuary Sibuti, Miri (WSSM) Mangrove Forest and Awat-Awat Lawas,
Limbang (AALL) Mangrove Forest. The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare
selected soil chemical properties of the two mangrove forests and (ii) compare their
carbon storage with time. A total of 320 soil samples were collected from WSSM
and AALL, 40 soil samples were collected from each study site for 4 sampling time.
The first soil sampling were conducted in December 2009 (WSSM) and January
2010 (AALL), the second soil sampling was carried out in June 2010, the third soil
sampling was conducted in August 2013, and the fourth sampling was carried out in
October 2013. The first part of this study was to determine soil chemical properties
of the mangrove forest in Sarawak. A contemporary mangrove soil condition is
essential for addressing mangrove forest for carbon storage, and environmental
balance. Mangrove soil samples were taken from Miri and Limbang Division of
Sarawak at 0-30 cm depth in a 0.5 hectare plot. Selected soil chemical properties
were determined and data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Analysis System
(SAS) Version 9.2. Soil pH was determined using water and 1N KCl, soil organic
matter and total carbon were analyzed using CHNS analyzer, total N was determined
using Kjeldahl method, total P was determined using Aqua Regia method, cation
exchange capacity was determined using leaching method, and humic acids were
isolated using standard procedures. The soil acidity, total N, total P, CEC, and humic
acid of both locations were significantly different except for total carbon and organic
matter. Regional diversity has significant effects on the soil acidity, total N, total P,
CEC and yield of humic acids of the study areas. Data obtained can be useful for
further study on carbon stock and nutrients content. The second part of the study
was to determine the potential of mangrove soil to store carbon and the soil condition
between intervals of vegetation growth. This study examined the potential of the two
mangrove forests soil to store carbon. Soil sampling was conducted in December
2009, January 2010, June 2010, August 2013, and October 2013, respectively, to
study the effects of location and time. Soil carbon, soil organic matter, and stable
carbon from humic acids were analyzed using CHNS analyzer. Bulk density was
determined using coring method. Soil pH, total P, total N, CEC, and humic acids
were determined as previously outlined. There were significant effects on soil total C
at WSSM and AALL. The quantities of total C recorded at WSSM ranged from 29.50 Mg ha-1 (December 2009) to 90.16 Mg ha-1 (October 2013) while those of for
AALL ranged from 38.94 to 48.49 Mg ha-1. The quantity of stable carbon in humic
acids for WSSM in December 2009 was 1.34 Mg ha-1, June 2010 was 1.65 Mg ha-1,
August 2013 was 1.69 Mg ha-1, and October 2013 was 1.12 Mg ha-1, For AALL;
January 2010 was 1.95 Mg ha-1, June 2010 was 1.28 Mg ha-1, August 2013 was 0.56
Mg ha-1, and October 2013 was 0.48 Mg ha-1. The soil in both mangrove forests was
acidic as pH values were as follows; (i) WSSM: 2.67 to 4.90 (in water) and 2.51 to
4.44 in pH (in KCl), and (ii) AALL: 2.44 to 3.73 (in water) and 2.40 to 3.68 (in KCl).
The value of C:N ratios of the two sites were also very high ranging between 35.93
to 182.86. Based on comparison between WSSM and AALL, it was concluded that
there were significant differences of soil pH in water and in KCl, total N and total P
for first and second sampling. The soil at WSSM was more acidic than AALL and
had higher amounts of soil organic matter, total N and total P. Soil of WSSM
mangrove forest was better than AALL mangrove forest because when comparison
was made between location during first soil sampling, WSSM showed higher content
of organic matter, total C, total N, total P and cation exchange capacity. The
significant difference of total soil C and stable C in humic acid were recorded at both
study areas and comparison between times suggests that the mangrove soil has the
potential to store carbon. However the ability of the mangroves to store C sediment
depends on forest performance, the rate of decomposition, plant residue, locality,
vegetation density and organic compounds. |
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