Molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infecting cattle in Peninsular Malaysia

Enteric protozoa infections are one of the major constraints for profitable dairy and beef industries in tropical and subtropical countries, including Malaysia. Among the various economically important bovine diseases, enteric protozoan infections such as blastocystosis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasi...

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Main Author:	Abdullah, Donea Abdulrazak
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	Protozoa Pathogenic Cattle - Malaysia - Case studies Blastocystis
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78328/1/FPV%202017%2025%20ir.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.783282022-01-19T07:54:50Z Molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infecting cattle in Peninsular Malaysia 2017-11 Abdullah, Donea Abdulrazak Enteric protozoa infections are one of the major constraints for profitable dairy and beef industries in tropical and subtropical countries, including Malaysia. Among the various economically important bovine diseases, enteric protozoan infections such as blastocystosis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis and buxtonellosis, are recognized as major causes of sub-clinical and clinical illness in cattle. In Malaysia, ruminant livestock farming is an important component of the agricultural sector, however there is a paucity of information on epidemiology and genetic diversity of enteric protozoa infecting cattle, especially those with zoonotic potential. In this study 824 faecal samples were collected from 39 cattle (beef and dairy) farms in different locations throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Genomic DNA was extracted from faecal samples and subjected to molecular detection of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Blastocystis and Buxtonella using genus-specific primers. A high percentage (37.8%) of the cattle was infected with either one or more intestinal protozoa. Blastocystis was the most common (25.4%) enteric protozoa detected in the cattle, followed by Cryptosporidium (12.5%), Giardia (4.3%) and Buxtonella (2.7%). Double entric protozoa species coinfection was the most prevalent (4.7%), followed by triple species co-infection (0.7%). The most common (2.9%), and significantly corellated (rs=0.994; p<0.01) combination was Blastocystis + Cryptosporidium. Multivariable logistic regression shows that herd size, management system, production type, deworming frequency, and distance to water body were the risk factors associated with Blastocystis infection. For Cryptosporidium, deworming frequency, distance to human settlement, and management system were significant risk factors associated with the infection. Giardia infection was significantly associated with the cattle age, deworming frequency, zone and distance to human settlement, while risk factors for Buxtonella infection include herd size, distance to human settlement and deworming frequency. Positive amplicons of Blastocystis were cloned and sequenced to determine the genetic variability of the local Blastocystis isolates. Bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of ST1, ST3, ST5, ST10 and ST14 genotypes among the infected cattle. ST10 recorded the highest prevalence of 45.8%, follow by ST5 (37.4%). Of particular concern is the discovery of potentially human infective subtypes, namely ST1, ST3 and ST5. Although various subtypes were dominant among the animal and environmental based epidemiological parameters examined, there was no consistent pattern of prevalence. Similarly, the spatial distribution patterns did not exhibit a consistent pattern, as most of the genotypes were widespread throughout the country. There was a considerably high level of genetic variability among the Blastocystis subtypes whereby a total of 117 haplotypes were amplified, with high nucleotide diversity. The present study constitutes the first attempt to apply molecular detection techniques to determine epidemiological risk factors for enteric protozoa infections among cattle in Malaysia. It is also the first to genetically characterize the zoonotic Blastocystis protozoa among cattle in the country. The epidemiological and genotyping data obtained from this study will be beneficial for the control and prevention of zoonotic enteric protozoa among humans and ruminant livestock in the region. Protozoa, Pathogenic Cattle - Malaysia - Case studies Blastocystis 2017-11 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78328/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78328/1/FPV%202017%2025%20ir.pdf text en public doctoral Universiti Putra Malaysia Protozoa, Pathogenic Cattle - Malaysia - Case studies Blastocystis Sharma, Reuben Sunil Kumar
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Sharma, Reuben Sunil Kumar
topic	Protozoa Pathogenic Cattle - Malaysia - Case studies Blastocystis
spellingShingle	Protozoa Pathogenic Cattle - Malaysia - Case studies Blastocystis Abdullah, Donea Abdulrazak Molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infecting cattle in Peninsular Malaysia
description	Enteric protozoa infections are one of the major constraints for profitable dairy and beef industries in tropical and subtropical countries, including Malaysia. Among the various economically important bovine diseases, enteric protozoan infections such as blastocystosis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis and buxtonellosis, are recognized as major causes of sub-clinical and clinical illness in cattle. In Malaysia, ruminant livestock farming is an important component of the agricultural sector, however there is a paucity of information on epidemiology and genetic diversity of enteric protozoa infecting cattle, especially those with zoonotic potential. In this study 824 faecal samples were collected from 39 cattle (beef and dairy) farms in different locations throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Genomic DNA was extracted from faecal samples and subjected to molecular detection of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Blastocystis and Buxtonella using genus-specific primers. A high percentage (37.8%) of the cattle was infected with either one or more intestinal protozoa. Blastocystis was the most common (25.4%) enteric protozoa detected in the cattle, followed by Cryptosporidium (12.5%), Giardia (4.3%) and Buxtonella (2.7%). Double entric protozoa species coinfection was the most prevalent (4.7%), followed by triple species co-infection (0.7%). The most common (2.9%), and significantly corellated (rs=0.994; p<0.01) combination was Blastocystis + Cryptosporidium. Multivariable logistic regression shows that herd size, management system, production type, deworming frequency, and distance to water body were the risk factors associated with Blastocystis infection. For Cryptosporidium, deworming frequency, distance to human settlement, and management system were significant risk factors associated with the infection. Giardia infection was significantly associated with the cattle age, deworming frequency, zone and distance to human settlement, while risk factors for Buxtonella infection include herd size, distance to human settlement and deworming frequency. Positive amplicons of Blastocystis were cloned and sequenced to determine the genetic variability of the local Blastocystis isolates. Bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of ST1, ST3, ST5, ST10 and ST14 genotypes among the infected cattle. ST10 recorded the highest prevalence of 45.8%, follow by ST5 (37.4%). Of particular concern is the discovery of potentially human infective subtypes, namely ST1, ST3 and ST5. Although various subtypes were dominant among the animal and environmental based epidemiological parameters examined, there was no consistent pattern of prevalence. Similarly, the spatial distribution patterns did not exhibit a consistent pattern, as most of the genotypes were widespread throughout the country. There was a considerably high level of genetic variability among the Blastocystis subtypes whereby a total of 117 haplotypes were amplified, with high nucleotide diversity. The present study constitutes the first attempt to apply molecular detection techniques to determine epidemiological risk factors for enteric protozoa infections among cattle in Malaysia. It is also the first to genetically characterize the zoonotic Blastocystis protozoa among cattle in the country. The epidemiological and genotyping data obtained from this study will be beneficial for the control and prevention of zoonotic enteric protozoa among humans and ruminant livestock in the region.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Abdullah, Donea Abdulrazak
author_facet	Abdullah, Donea Abdulrazak
author_sort	Abdullah, Donea Abdulrazak
title	Molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infecting cattle in Peninsular Malaysia
title_short	Molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infecting cattle in Peninsular Malaysia
title_full	Molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infecting cattle in Peninsular Malaysia
title_fullStr	Molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infecting cattle in Peninsular Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infecting cattle in Peninsular Malaysia
title_sort	molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of blastocystis infecting cattle in peninsular malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2017
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78328/1/FPV%202017%2025%20ir.pdf
_version_	1747813284017340416

Molecular epidemiology, risk factors of zoonotic enteric protozoa and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infecting cattle in Peninsular Malaysia

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