Mass production, formulation and delivery of metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae for control of sunterranean termite coptotermes curvignathus holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in oil palm on peat
The termite Coptotermes curvignathusis a very important pest of oil palm in peat. Conventional methods such as using spraying chemical pesticide and physical barrier do not provide long term control. An alternative method by using entomopathogenic fungus has great potential as a biopesticide agai...
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| 格式: | Thesis |
| 語言: | English |
| 出版: |
2015
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| 主題: | |
| 在線閱讀: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/78354/1/FSPM%202015%205%20ir.pdf |
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| 總結: | The termite Coptotermes curvignathusis a very important pest of oil palm in
peat. Conventional methods such as using spraying chemical pesticide and
physical barrier do not provide long term control. An alternative method by
using entomopathogenic fungus has great potential as a biopesticide against
the termite. However, in order to effectively use entomopathogenic fungus to
control the subterranean termite, the fungus quality in terms of the ability cause
epizootic to termite, method of delivery and application in field are the main
concern to researcher. In this study, liquid state fermentation was used to
increase the fungus quality and to obtain large quantity in shorter time. Three
different types of liquid mediums which were Jenkins medium, Leland medium
and MPOB medium were used to mass a produce pathogenic local isolate of
Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae. Fungus in Jenkins medium yielded
significantly highest number of submerged conidia with 2.36 x 109 submerged
conidia/mL even in lowest growth rate on day 3 after inoculation. Fungus
culture from Jenkins medium with concentration of 1:0 fungus culture to
distilled water showed ability to cause 100% mortality in day 4 after treatment
compared to MPOB medium in day 6 after treatment and Leland medium in
day 9 after treatment. The fungus was then incorporated with 8 different
combinations of bait matrix to formulate into a bait which can attract termite,
reduce repellence, prolong active ingredient (fungus) shelf life, and sustain the
ability to control termite colony. From the choice feeding test, bait matrix made
of dextrin, PVP K90 and skim milk (DPS) impregnated with the fungus has the
ability to attract termite compared to other bait matrix. Furthermore, DPS bait
has ability to cause 100% mortality on 19 days after treatment. Termite took
shorter time to finish the DPS bait with 11.2 day to consume all the baits, and
consumed significantly larger quantity of DPS bait compared to the 7 other
baits which consisted of different proportion of skim milk, dextrin, PVP K90 and
kaolin. Shelf life of the baits were tested through bioassays. All baits were able to maintain consistent termite mortality of more than 80% for over 6 months. A
specially designed bait delivery system was adapted to local peat environment
was developed to deliver the selected baits DPS and PS infested oil palm tree
in the field. Over the 6 months trial period, bait designed delivery system was
able to protect the bait from getting wet by rain water and the high water table
in peat soil. Termites were found colonizing the PVP K90 plus skim milk (PS)
bait chamber as early as one week after application. Termites collected from
the vicinity of the bait chamber were found infected and killed by M. anisopliae.
There were no C. curvignathus found in the previously infested palm trees at
the end of the trial period. The formulated bait delivered in termite baiting
system had shown effectiveness in the control of termite in oil palm plantation
in peat soil area. |
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