Effects of Momordica cochinchinensis spreng, fruit on the proliferation and angiogenesis biomarkers of human retinal pigment epithelial cells under high glucose conditions
Tropical fruits have been reported to contain health-promoting compounds for human benefits. Fruit of Momordica cochinchinensis (M. cochinchinensis) is one of these fruits that believed to be rich source of bioactive constitutes. However, the studies on its phytochemical composition and biologica...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/82787/1/FPSK%28m%29%202019%206%20ir.pdf |
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| Summary: | Tropical fruits have been reported to contain health-promoting compounds for human
benefits. Fruit of Momordica cochinchinensis (M. cochinchinensis) is one of these fruits
that believed to be rich source of bioactive constitutes. However, the studies on its
phytochemical composition and biological activities against hyperglycaemia-related eye
disease were found to be limited. Thus, this study attempted to investigate the
phytochemical composition, antioxidant activities and the effects of M. cochinchinensis
parts extracts grown in Malaysia on cell viability and angiogenic activity of human
retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells under high glucose (HG) conditions. UV-Vis
was used for the estimation of phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids contents. Lycopene
and β-carotene were quantified using a HPLC technique. LC-MS/MS was used for the
identification of antioxidant compounds. DPPH and FRAP assays were employed to
evaluate the antioxidant capacities. MTT assay, morphological observations and Trypan
blue dye were employed for the cell viability evaluation. Enzyme linked
immunosorbent-based assay was performed the evaluate the effect of the fruit extracts
on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and
pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) secretions. The results showed carotenoids,
phenolics and flavonoids were present in all fruit parts. Comparatively, the fruit aril
showed the highest carotenoids and phenolics content (1106 ± 2.1 μg/g, 308 ± 2.7 μg/g)
respectively, whereas the peel showed the highest flavonoid content (381 ± 2.2 μg/g).
Lycopene and β-carotene were found to be significantly high (p < 0.05) in aril (579.3 ±
22.7 and 621 ± 35 μg/g DW) and relatively high in peel and pulp. Furthermore, rutin,
quercetin, linolenic acid and cinnamic acid were identified in peel, seed, pulp and aril.
The antioxidant capacity evaluations revealed that, aril possessed the highest scavenging
activity IC50 = 865 μg/mL, while the peel appeared to possess the highest ferric reducing
power of 140 μmol FeSO4/μg. Cell culture experiments demonstrated HG condition at
(30 mmol/L) condition increased the proliferation of ARPE-19 cell proliferation, ROS and VEGF secretions compared to low glucose (LG) at (5.5 mmol/L). While the
exposure of ARPE-19 cells in HG conditions to M. cochinchinensis led to inhibition of
cell viability, induced morphological changes, decreased ROS and VEGF, and increased
PEDF levels. M. cochinchinensis pulp, seed, and aril at 1 000 μg/mL showed significant
inhibition activities [(7.5 ± 5.1)%, (2.7 ± 0.5)%, (3.2 ± 1.1)%, respectively] against HGinduced
ARPE-19 cell viability. The findings also demonstrated that aril at 250 μg/mL
significantly decreased ROS and VEGF levels [(40.6 ± 3.3) pg/mL, (107.4 ± 48.3)
pg/mL, respectively] compared to ROS [(71.7 ± 2.9) pg/mL] and VEGF [(606.9 ± 81.1)
pg/mL] in HG untreated cells. Moreover, 250 μg/mL of Gac peel dramatically increased
PEDF level [(18.2 ± 0.3) ng/mL] compared to that in HG untreated cells [(0.48 ± 0.39)
ng/mL]. The current results demonstrated that M. cochinchinensis fruit was found to be
rich source of phytochemical compounds especially carotenoids and to possess
antioxidant capacity. In addition, M. cochinchinensis fruit extracts reduced ARPE-19
cell viability, minimized ROS generations and showed angiogenic activities. Therefore,
our findings open new insights towards the potentiality of utilizing M. cochinchinensis
fruit as a source of antioxidant plant and against HG-related diabetic retinopathy disease. |
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