Competitiveness of the Malaysian and Indonesian Palm Oil Exports
Indonesia's emergence in the palm oil trade could pose a strong threat to the current competitive advantage that Malaysia is enjoying as Indonesia has large land resources and an abundant supply of cheap labour. This study intends to evaluate the Malaysian and Indonesian palm oil exports per...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2001
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8300/1/FEP_2001_14%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Indonesia's emergence in the palm oil trade could pose a strong threat to the
current competitive advantage that Malaysia is enjoying as Indonesia has large land
resources and an abundant supply of cheap labour. This study intends to evaluate the
Malaysian and Indonesian palm oil exports performances in the last two decades and to
identify the factors contributing to the competitiveness of the exports. The
competitiveness of the Malaysian and Indonesian palm oil exports are measured using
economic indicators like Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Constant Market
Share (CMS) analysis; while the potential export markets are ascertained through Shift-
Share technique.
This study utilises annual data from 1987 to 1998. The twelve year period is
decomposed into three sub periods with each period contains the four year average.
Period I covers 1987-90, Period II covers 1991-94 and Period III covers 1995-98 for RCA and CMS analyses. The Shift-Share calculations involve only two time periods, that
are Period I (1987-92) and Period IT (1993-98).
The results of RCA clearly show that the Malaysian palm oil export still
maintains strong comparative advantage. This is mainly due to the low level import of
palm oil. However, Malaysia shows a declining trend in Export Performance Ratio
throughout the periods of the study due to the declining share in world's palm oil export.
In the case of Indonesia, the RCA calculations show an increasing strength of
comparative advantage, which is attributed to the increasing palm oil export. CMS results
suggest that export gains of palm oil for both countries are mainly attributed to the size of
the market effect. Both countries show negative distribution effect, due to the
concentration of exports to low growth importing countries. The eMS analysis also
demonstrates that the competitiveness effect has contributed to the palm oil export
growth of Indonesia. On the contrary, Malaysian competitiveness effect is negative
between Periods I and II, Periods I and III, which is attributed to the reduction in the
Malaysia's share in the world export market. The Shift-Share analysis suggests that the
potential markets for palm oil export expansion for the two countries are almost similar,
covering China, Pakistan and India. However, Malaysia has a better opportunity to
increase her export to the EU countries.
From the calculations, the study concludes that Indonesia shows a better
competitiveness in the palm oil exports. |
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