Distribution and morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

A research study on an endemic frog species of Peninsular Malaysia, Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) (commonly known as Lowland Grainy Frog) at Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR), Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve (PFR), Negeri Sembilan was carried out from November 2016 until September 2017. Th...

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Main Author:	Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Faris
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	Frogs Frogs - Ecology Frogs - Cytogenetics
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/83226/1/FS%202019%2057%20ir.pdf
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id	my-upm-ir.83226
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.832262022-01-10T02:24:44Z Distribution and morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 2019-08 Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Faris A research study on an endemic frog species of Peninsular Malaysia, Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) (commonly known as Lowland Grainy Frog) at Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR), Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve (PFR), Negeri Sembilan was carried out from November 2016 until September 2017. This leaf-litter frog species can be found in the lowland forests of Peninsular Malaysia including Pasoh Forest Reserve, Gombak Forest Reserve, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), and Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve. The distribution of this species has severely declined and the quality of its habitat in Peninsular Malaysia also continues to decrease as suitable areas are being converted to non-timber plantations and undergo rapid development of infrastructure. This study was conducted to determine the distribution, population density, and morphometric and microhabitat structures of K. palmatissimus at AHFR and PFR. Fifteen and eighteen nocturnal 400 m transect lines with an interval distance of 20 m were used for frog surveys at AHFR and PFR, respectively. In addition, temperature, humidity, soil pH, wind, and light of different microhabitats were also recorded. A total of 34 and 31 individuals of K. palmatissimus were recorded at AHFR and PFR, respectively. The population density of K. palmatissimus recorded at AHFR was 5.31 individuals/km2, whereas 6.02 individuals/km2 was recorded at PFR. Fifteen morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus were measured. Most of the 15 morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus at AHFR and PFR positively correlated with each other. The AHFR’s mean snout- vent length (SVL) (37.00 mm) was larger than PFR’s mean SVL (30.29 mm). The AHFR’s mean SVL for male and female K. palmatissimus were 35.30 mm and 39.40 mm, respectively, whereas the PFR’s mean SVL for male and female K. palmatissimus were 28.60 mm and 33.50 mm, respectively. This species was abundantly found on the surface of forest litter (96.9 %), compared to sandy surface (1.5 %) and on the dead log (1.5 %). It was found that K. palmatissimus at AHFR and PFR highly preferred leaf litter with non-hairy/smooth type morphology as their habitats. The data collections from AHFR and PFR have significantly contributed to a better understanding of ecological distributions, morphometrics, and habitats of this species. This information could help future conservation programmes and management to protect this endemic species from extinction. Frogs Frogs - Ecology Frogs - Cytogenetics 2019-08 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/83226/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/83226/1/FS%202019%2057%20ir.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Frogs Frogs - Ecology Frogs - Cytogenetics Mohd. Top @ Mohd. Tah, Marina
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Mohd. Top @ Mohd. Tah, Marina
topic	Frogs Frogs - Ecology Frogs - Cytogenetics
spellingShingle	Frogs Frogs - Ecology Frogs - Cytogenetics Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Faris Distribution and morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
description	A research study on an endemic frog species of Peninsular Malaysia, Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) (commonly known as Lowland Grainy Frog) at Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve (AHFR), Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve (PFR), Negeri Sembilan was carried out from November 2016 until September 2017. This leaf-litter frog species can be found in the lowland forests of Peninsular Malaysia including Pasoh Forest Reserve, Gombak Forest Reserve, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), and Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve. The distribution of this species has severely declined and the quality of its habitat in Peninsular Malaysia also continues to decrease as suitable areas are being converted to non-timber plantations and undergo rapid development of infrastructure. This study was conducted to determine the distribution, population density, and morphometric and microhabitat structures of K. palmatissimus at AHFR and PFR. Fifteen and eighteen nocturnal 400 m transect lines with an interval distance of 20 m were used for frog surveys at AHFR and PFR, respectively. In addition, temperature, humidity, soil pH, wind, and light of different microhabitats were also recorded. A total of 34 and 31 individuals of K. palmatissimus were recorded at AHFR and PFR, respectively. The population density of K. palmatissimus recorded at AHFR was 5.31 individuals/km2, whereas 6.02 individuals/km2 was recorded at PFR. Fifteen morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus were measured. Most of the 15 morphometric traits of K. palmatissimus at AHFR and PFR positively correlated with each other. The AHFR’s mean snout- vent length (SVL) (37.00 mm) was larger than PFR’s mean SVL (30.29 mm). The AHFR’s mean SVL for male and female K. palmatissimus were 35.30 mm and 39.40 mm, respectively, whereas the PFR’s mean SVL for male and female K. palmatissimus were 28.60 mm and 33.50 mm, respectively. This species was abundantly found on the surface of forest litter (96.9 %), compared to sandy surface (1.5 %) and on the dead log (1.5 %). It was found that K. palmatissimus at AHFR and PFR highly preferred leaf litter with non-hairy/smooth type morphology as their habitats. The data collections from AHFR and PFR have significantly contributed to a better understanding of ecological distributions, morphometrics, and habitats of this species. This information could help future conservation programmes and management to protect this endemic species from extinction.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Faris
author_facet	Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Faris
author_sort	Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Faris
title	Distribution and morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
title_short	Distribution and morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
title_full	Distribution and morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Distribution and morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution and morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
title_sort	distribution and morphometrics of kalophrynus palmatissimus (kiew, 1984) from ayer hitam forest reserve, selangor and pasoh forest reserve, negeri sembilan, malaysia
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2019
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/83226/1/FS%202019%2057%20ir.pdf
_version_	1747813361040490496

Distribution and morphometrics of Kalophrynus palmatissimus (Kiew, 1984) from Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor and Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

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