Characterization of wollastonite-based glass ceramic from clamshell and sodium lime silica bottles
Wollastonite glass-ceramics have been fabricated in this work using clamshell (CS) and soda lime silicate (SLS) glass waste. The samples were prepared using a meltquenching technique based on the chemical formula [(CS)x(SLS)100-x] with x = 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. The samples were sintered at 600,...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/83680/1/FS%202019%2024%20-%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Wollastonite glass-ceramics have been fabricated in this work using clamshell (CS)
and soda lime silicate (SLS) glass waste. The samples were prepared using a meltquenching
technique based on the chemical formula [(CS)x(SLS)100-x] with x = 10, 20,
30, 40, and 50. The samples were sintered at 600, 700 and 1000°C.The literature has
not reported the utilization of CS and the SLS glass waste in the fabrication of
wollastonite based glass ceramics. The CS is chosen as a source of CaO and the SLS
glass waste provides the required SiO2, and these wastes are expected to provide
another alternative means of managing the disposed of SLS glass and CS wastes in
the metropolitan cities around the world. Hence, the objectives of this research were
to fabricate a series of wollastonite glass-ceramics from clamshell and SLS glass waste
and to study both the clamshell concentration and sintering temperature effects on the
physical and structural properties of the materials. To achieve the research objectives,
measurements and characterizations such as density, linear shrinkage, X-ray
diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence (EDX) analysis of the
prepared samples were carried out. The density values and linear shrinkage mostly
increased with the concentration of CS in the materials and sintering temperature
where the density is 28.4 g/cm3 and the linear is 7.11 mm. This increment is probably
associated with structural changes leading to more interstitial space as shown by SEM
micrograph structures. The XRD results showed the presence of peaks of wollastonite,
cristobalite, augite, diopside and quartz phases. The XR results show that after the
sintering at 600°C, the sample was still in the amorphous phase, the increased in the
sintering temperature to 700°C the peaks were found through increasing the sintering
temperature to 1000°C the phase appeared. The wollastonite intensity increases when
sintering temperature increases. The elemental EDX analysis of the green and sintered
samples at 600°C, 700°C and 1000°C revealed the presence of carbon (C), oxygen
(O), sodium (Na), silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca). The FTIR analysis of the samples
showed mainly the absorptions due to the vibrations of Si–O–Si linkages, symmetric Si–O and bond bending of Si–O–Si, symmetric stretching vibrations of O–Si–O
bending, and Ca–O stretching modes. The sintering temperature and clamshell
concentration both have structural and physical effects on the material as revealed in
FTIR spectra, that was clear when they obtained the bond of calcium groups and the
bond of silicon groups. |
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