Development of a smoke prediction model for stairways in a multi-storey building
Multi-storey building in Malaysia has rapid growth rate especially in urban area with high population. During emergency in building fire, smoke could disturb people’s health and vision thus affects the evacuation time. Simple and transparent engineering methods can create opportunitie...
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| 主要作者: | |
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| 格式: | Thesis |
| 語言: | English |
| 出版: |
2019
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| 主題: | |
| 在線閱讀: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84392/1/FK%202019%20142%20-%20ir.pdf |
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| 總結: | Multi-storey building in Malaysia has rapid growth rate especially in urban area with
high population. During emergency in building fire, smoke could disturb people’s health
and vision thus affects the evacuation time. Simple and transparent engineering methods can create
opportunities to better understand a complex fire phenomenon and estimate the answer quickly before
making decision. Existing methods of calculation can only predict smoke temperature in a single
fire compartment and there was a lack of calculation method for multi-storey compartment. The main
goal of this study is to develop a new and validated simplified mathematical model to
predict the smoke conditions in a multi-storey building specifically in a stairway which used as
the only route for rescue and evacuation when fire happens. In this thesis, an experimental
setup consisting one fire room adjacent to the vertical shaft fire scenario were
simulated using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) version 6.1. Eight (8) independent variable
parameters were tested including heat release rate (HRR), enclosure geometry as well as venting
opening size to measure the smoke temperature which considered as dependent variable. Three hundred
sixty (360) different simulations which study smoke conditions in a room adjacent to a
vertical shaft were utilized in statistical analysis to find a constant in mathematical
correlation. In order to predict the smoke temperature in a stairway, additional heat loss to the
tread boards and landing were also included in developed correlation while calculating.
The validity of the mathematical correlation was studied by comparing results from the
correlation with numerical simulation and full-scale test data from previous published
cases. The predictions with developed correlation were within 32% from the simulation and less
than 23% for an experimental full-scale result. Error up to 35% in prediction of smoke temperatures
by using developed correlation were accepted and considered good as reported in previous validated
work conducted by Nuclear Research Centre (NRC). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate
the most affected variables from the correlation model that would impact the smoke temperature in
the stairway of multi- storey buildings. From the analysis, it was discovered that vent opening is
the most sensitive variables that will affect the smoke temperature in a stairway beside other
parameters such as stair and room area, heat release rate and door opening. In
conclusion, the derived equation can be used to perform simple calculation for smoke
layer temperature in stairway and it is a promising for a faster calculation especially
when assessing multiple fire scenarios in a fire safety design. However, further
validation studies of the developed model are recommended to be compare with other
types of correlation developed from previous researchers. |
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