Prevalence, identification, survival curve and risk assessment of Staphylococcus aureus in raw food in Selangor, Malaysia
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the nares and skin surfaces of several animal species, including human. S. aureus can cause a wide variety of infections ranging from superficial soft tissue and skin infections to severe and deadly systemic infections. Habitually...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84476/1/fstm%202019%2029%20ir.pdf |
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| Summary: | Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the nares and skin
surfaces of several animal species, including human. S. aureus can cause a wide
variety of infections ranging from superficial soft tissue and skin infections to severe
and deadly systemic infections. Habitually S. aureus and methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been associated with hospitals, but during the
past decades, MRSA has emerged in the community and now a new branch of
MRSA has been found in association with livestock (LA-MRSA). Antimicrobial resistant
S. aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has been
emerged and considered as a major public health concern. There is an increasing risk
of food production animals serving as a reservoir and transmitting S. aureus and
MRSA in community environments. Due to the increased food safety risk posed by
MRSA and its multidrug resistance, the aim of this study was to investigate the
transmission distribution of the MRSA in food and the associated risk. In this study,
a total of 262 samples were collected by random sampling at wet-markets and
supermarkets. The combination of the method of most portable number-duplex and
multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPN-dPCR and mPCR) was used to detect
and determine pathogens of interest. The findings of this study revealed that S
aureus and MRSA were more frequently detected in samples from the wet market
compared to the supermarket at the prevalence range of 15-100% and 8.33-66.70%,
respectively. In addition, the isolated strains obtained from different samples were
examined based on their antibiotic resistance profile. The majority of the isolates
recorded multiple resistances to at least three out of seventeen antibiotics, and the
majority of the MRSA isolates (96.7%) showed Multiple Antibiotics Resistance
index > 0.18. Also, the results showed that the heat treatment (grilling) resulted in a
significant log reduction (P<0.05) for chicken burger, beef burger and fish burger
when compared to uncooked positive controls for each of the three grilled meat
burgers. Furthermore, a step-wise risk assessment was preformed to evaluate the potential risk of acquiring staphylococcal foodborne posed by methicillin resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from the consumption of food in Malaysia. The
results for that analysis showed that the risk estimate of acquiring staphylococcal for
whole Malaysian population were 19 cases, 3.43 × 10-2 cases, and 1.09 × 10-1 cases
per 100,000 population. Additionally, this study gave a glimpse of the scenario in
Malaysia that chicken, shellfish, and milk can act as possible vehicles for the
occurrence of staphylococcal foodborne. Therefore, high-risk groups are
recommended to apply appropriate handling practices and sufficient cooking times
prior to consumption of high-risk foods such as meats and milk products. Findings of
this study suggested that raw food could provide a diverse reservoir of MRSA. Also,
the presence of MRSA in raw food might pose potential threat of infection to
individuals who handle the food. Moreover, the public education on safe raw food
handling and cooking practices should be continued as well as education of food
handlers until there is a better understanding of the infectious dose of MRSA in raw food. |
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