Nutritional analysis, metabolomics and proteomics of edible bird nest from different georaphical regions of Malaysia
Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is made of the salivary secretions from the swiftlet species Aerodramus fuciphagus. It is well-known in traditional Chinese medicine as well as among Asian countries due to their beneficial effects on health. Previous studies have shown that consumption of EBN provides va...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/84539/1/FPV%202019%2012%20ir.pdf |
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| Summary: | Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is made of the salivary secretions from the swiftlet
species Aerodramus fuciphagus. It is well-known in traditional Chinese medicine
as well as among Asian countries due to their beneficial effects on health. Previous
studies have shown that consumption of EBN provides various health benefits
such as promoting epidermal growth, inhibiting infection caused by influenza
viruses and others. Nowadays EBN is prepared and incorporated into many food
products including drinks, food additives and cosmetics. Despite the continuous
demand on EBN, strong justification on the nutritional and medicinal benefits of
the farmed and commercialised EBN is still lacking. This study compared the
chemical, amino acid, mineral constituents and the metabolites and protein profiles
using proteomic and metabolomic approaches between the commercialised
EBN bought from a reputable drug store and farmed EBN collected from the Central,
Southern, East Coast and East of Malaysia. The chemical composition of the
EBN was determined according to the Food Analysis Laboratory Manual with
slight modifications. The elemental analysis was done in accordance of the official
AOAC method. The detection of amino acid was done with High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Pico-Tag Amino Acid Analysis Column.
1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was then used to detect the
metabolites in the EBNs while Chemomx NMR Suite 8.2 was used to analyse the
detected metabolites. The analysis of the EBN’s proteome was done through the
use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) followed by matrix assisted
laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF
MS). The results showed that the farmed EBN was mainly comprised of protein
followed by carbohydrate while the commercial EBN had similar protein and carbohydrate
composition. The total amount of essential amino acid in commercial
EBN was higher (237.9 mg/g protein) compared to the farmed EBN (156.81 –236.6 mg amino acid/ g protein) with valine the highest found in both the farmed
and commercialised EBN. For the elemental analysis, both farmed and commercialised
EBN were found to have a good amount of calcium and potassium content.
There were 26 metabolites identified and phenylalanine; an essential amino
acid was found significantly in abundance in all farmed EBN but not in commercialised
EBN. In addition, choline; a vitamin-like essential nutrient and acetic acid
were also found in large amount in all farmed EBN while acetone and 3-hydroxyisovaleric
acid were found high in commercialised EBN. A number of metabolites
from chemical classes such as organic acids and amino acids were identified from
the use of NMR spectroscopy. The proteins detected through the proteomic
process includes complement C1q, alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltranferase 6, glutamine-rich
protein and tropomyosin alpha-1 chain. The complement C1q is known to involve
in the clearance of apoptotic cells and pathophysiology of the central nervous system
while alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltranferase 6 involved in the protein glycosylation
pathways. Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain involved in the regulation of the straited
muscle contraction. The overall findings suggested that the nutritional analysis,
metabolites profiling and the proteomic analysis can give a better understanding
about Malaysian EBN, benchmarking procedure and quality determination of
EBN in the future. |
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