SLC22A1, SLC22A2, SLC22A3 and 11ßHSD1 gene polymorphisms among Malaysian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus
According to the National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMS) in Malaysia conducted the most comprehensive and nationally representative available health data of adults have shown that there has been an increasing trend in the reported prevalence of DM for almost the past two decades. Malaysia...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/85473/1/FPSK%28m%29%202020%2017%20ir.pdf |
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| Summary: | According to the National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMS) in Malaysia
conducted the most comprehensive and nationally representative available health data
of adults have shown that there has been an increasing trend in the reported prevalence
of DM for almost the past two decades. Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country whose
population of 28.3 million includes three major ancestral groups: Malay (~ 63%),
Chinese (~ 25%) and Indian (~ 7%). The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the
Malaysian population appears to differ among the three major ethnic groups, with
Indians having the highest prevalence (25–28%), followed by those of Malay (17–
19%), and the lowest apparent prevalence being among those of Chinese (9–14%).
Several studies in various populations have been done to determine the candidate genes
with T2DM, but there have been no similar studies that had been found with T2DM
among Indian population in Malaysia. The main objective of the study was to
determine the candidate genes polymorphisms related to T2DM among Indian
population in Malaysia. This study conducted as a cross-sectional study between
subjects with T2DM and subjects without T2DM to determine the association of these
polymorphisms with T2DM. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, blood
samples were collected from 132 samples (Indians) with T2DM and 133 samples as
controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood using commercially
available kits and genotyping analysis for SLC22A1, SLC22A2, SLC22A3 and
11ßHSD1gene polymorphisms are analyzed using the PCR and PCR-RFLP
(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis. The
PCR product and the restricted fragment product were run on agarose gel
electrophoresis. All the statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences (SPSS) version no. 20.0. The demographic characteristic among the
modifiable risk factors, this study found the significant difference observed in HbA1C
(p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.008) and total cholesterol (p<0.04). However, there was no
significant difference found in age, gender, body mass index, diastolic and systolic
blood pressure, blood glucose, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein and
aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase in case subjects when compare to
the controls. Among the non-modifiable risk factors (genetic risk factors) there was, significant difference was observed for genotypic and allelic distributions between
T2DM patients and non-T2DM subjects for gender of SLC22A2 rs
145450955(p<0.031), for allelic distributions (p<0.009) in controls, and was significant
in TC (p<0.047), AST (p<0.015) in diabetics and significant LDL (p<0.029) in controls
based on phenotype. SLC22A3 rs2292334 genotypic distribution was significant
(p<0.022) and for allelic distributions (p<0.001) in controls and was significant in FBS
(p<0.037) in controls based on phenotype. SLC22A3 rs 3088442 genotypic distribution
(p<0.016) in diabetics, and significant in LDL (p<0.013) based on phenotype. The
association of SLC22A3 are considered as genetic risk factors for the development of
T2DM in male based on genetic models and gender. However, similar studies with
significantly larger samples are highly recommended to verify how candidate genes are
associated with regard to T2DM in Indian and other ethnics. Performing genetic
association on other polymorphisms of the candidate genes studied as well as other
polymorphisms in other genes. |
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