Copper in Mangrove Environment: Current Status in Soil, Water and Plant at Sepang-Lukut Mangrove Forest, Malaysia
This study presents copper concentrations and distributions in Sepang-Lukut mangrove forest, Malaysia. This mangrove ecosystem is mainly polluted from different sources like waste from pig farms, oil palm industries and house hold waste. Untreated waste discharge from pig farms may be responsible...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
1998
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/8640/1/FSAS_1998_10_A.pdf |
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| Summary: | This study presents copper concentrations and distributions in Sepang-Lukut mangrove forest, Malaysia. This mangrove ecosystem is mainly polluted
from different sources like waste from pig farms, oil palm industries and house
hold waste. Untreated waste discharge from pig farms may be responsible for
copper pollution in this forest area as copper sulphate has been used in the
farms in the diet of pigs for protection from pathogenic disease. Untreated
wastes are discharged directly into the Sepang Sesar river which is situated in
the Sepang-Lukut mangrove forest ecosystem.
Six stations were chosen for the study starting from the discharge point at
every 2 km interval towards sea. Total and available copper in soil and copper
content in infiltration water were measured for each station. Copper content was also measured in river water adjacent to each station. Copper absorption and it's
distribution in leaf, stem and root of Rhizophora mucronata seedlings were
measured at the last three stations towards the sea.
Soil is the main reservoir of total and available copper content in the
mangrove forest. Highest total and available copper concentration in soil was
found in the stations nearest to the discharge point and decreased towards the
stations near to the sea. The means of total and available soil copper content
were 145 µg/g (ranged from 1.20 to 703.90 µg/g) and 36 µg/g (ranged from 0.74
to 103.21 µg/g) respectively. Available soil copper found to positively correlate
with total soil copper, soil organic matter content and CEC. Total soil copper also
found to positively correlate with soil organic matter content, soil CEC, total
dissolved solids and in situ pH.
On the other hand, the mean concentration of copper in river and
infiltration water were 0.07 mg/l and 0.04 mg/l respectively. Infiltration water
copper content found to positively correlate with river water copper content.
River water copper concentration found to positively correlate with redox
potential and negatively correlate with dissolved oxygen and salinity.
Highest copper concentration in Rhizophora mucronata seedling parts
were detected at Station 4 and roots attained the highest (9.24 µg/g) followed by
stem (3.12 µg/g and leaves (3.10 µg/g). Copper concentration in seedling parts
at Station 5 showed same trend like Station 4, where roots contained highest
(2.84 µg/g) followed by leaves (2.39 µg/g) and stem (1.82 µg/g). But leaves
contained the highest (2.25 µg/g) followed by stem (1.64 µg/g) and roots (1.54 µg/g) at Station 6. |
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