Metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia GanoEF1

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is considered as a golden crop and also one of the main contributors to economy of Malaysia. Unfortunately, basal stem rot (BSR) disease remains as a major obstacle in oil palm cultivation and production in Malaysia. The uses of biocontrol agents become the main at...

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Main Author:	Ismail, Muhammad Faiz
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	Oil palm Germination Gene expression
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90525/1/FS%202020%202%20-%20IR.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.905252021-08-13T01:01:59Z Metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia GanoEF1 2019-04 Ismail, Muhammad Faiz Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is considered as a golden crop and also one of the main contributors to economy of Malaysia. Unfortunately, basal stem rot (BSR) disease remains as a major obstacle in oil palm cultivation and production in Malaysia. The uses of biocontrol agents become the main attention to control and suppress the plant disease. The objective of this study is to compare the metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of root of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia toruloidea (GanoEF1) and Ganoderma boninense. Endophytic fungi Hendersonia GanoEF1 was obtained from GanoDROP Unit (MPOB) Kajang, Selangor. Four hundred and fifty oil palm germinated seed were used and arranged randomly by using completely randomized design (CRD). The experiment conducted using four-week-old oil palm germinated seed with five following treatments; germinated seed control untreated and uninfected with G. boninense (TC), germinated seed treated Hendersonia GanoEF1 (TH), germinated seed infected G. boninense (TG), germinated seed treated Hendersonia GanoEF1 and infected with G. boninense (THG), and germinated seed control with uninfected rubber wood block, RWB (TB). Methanol extraction methods were used for metabolite profile analysis. Sixty five compounds from different treatments were selected as main compounds. Three types of sterols detected from these treatments such as β-sitosterol, Stigmasterol and Campesterol were used as a potential indicator to detect the present of pathogen (stress) in plant. Using the Venn-digram, few compounds have been identified and used to detect the present of G. boninense and Hendersonia GanoEF1 in oil palm roots were: Methyl 6-0-[1-methylpropyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; Tetradecanoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester. Determination of lignin accumulation and total lignin content in oil palm root is one of the potential methods to indicate the level of plant‘s stress. Two cm above the root tips were cut to determine the lignin accumulation whereas for total lignin content, 100 mg of root were used to compare the acid-soluble and acid- insoluble lignin between the treatments. Highest thickness of lignin was found in treatment TG (82.65 ± 2.98) and the lowest in treatment TC (61.11 ± 1.05). For total lignin content, treatment TC shows the highest (263.73 ± 22.52) and the lowest found in treatment TG (188.43 ± 7.42). Study the gene expression of plant defence-related enzymes which are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) is also one of the method that possibily used to indicate the stress level in plant. Highest SOD level was found in treatment TC (24.56 ± 0.12) and lowest in treatment THG (23.49 ± 0.19) whereas highest CAT found in treatment THG (17.62 ± 0.06) and lowest in treatment TC (16.98 ± 0.19). This study revealed that Hendersonia GanoEF1 is suitable as an effective biological control agent for promoting the growth of oil palm seedlings and controlling BSR disease. Oil palm Germination Gene expression 2019-04 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90525/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90525/1/FS%202020%202%20-%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Oil palm Germination Gene expression Nulit, Rosimah
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Nulit, Rosimah
topic	Oil palm Germination Gene expression
spellingShingle	Oil palm Germination Gene expression Ismail, Muhammad Faiz Metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia GanoEF1
description	Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is considered as a golden crop and also one of the main contributors to economy of Malaysia. Unfortunately, basal stem rot (BSR) disease remains as a major obstacle in oil palm cultivation and production in Malaysia. The uses of biocontrol agents become the main attention to control and suppress the plant disease. The objective of this study is to compare the metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of root of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia toruloidea (GanoEF1) and Ganoderma boninense. Endophytic fungi Hendersonia GanoEF1 was obtained from GanoDROP Unit (MPOB) Kajang, Selangor. Four hundred and fifty oil palm germinated seed were used and arranged randomly by using completely randomized design (CRD). The experiment conducted using four-week-old oil palm germinated seed with five following treatments; germinated seed control untreated and uninfected with G. boninense (TC), germinated seed treated Hendersonia GanoEF1 (TH), germinated seed infected G. boninense (TG), germinated seed treated Hendersonia GanoEF1 and infected with G. boninense (THG), and germinated seed control with uninfected rubber wood block, RWB (TB). Methanol extraction methods were used for metabolite profile analysis. Sixty five compounds from different treatments were selected as main compounds. Three types of sterols detected from these treatments such as β-sitosterol, Stigmasterol and Campesterol were used as a potential indicator to detect the present of pathogen (stress) in plant. Using the Venn-digram, few compounds have been identified and used to detect the present of G. boninense and Hendersonia GanoEF1 in oil palm roots were: Methyl 6-0-[1-methylpropyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside; Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; Tetradecanoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester. Determination of lignin accumulation and total lignin content in oil palm root is one of the potential methods to indicate the level of plant‘s stress. Two cm above the root tips were cut to determine the lignin accumulation whereas for total lignin content, 100 mg of root were used to compare the acid-soluble and acid- insoluble lignin between the treatments. Highest thickness of lignin was found in treatment TG (82.65 ± 2.98) and the lowest in treatment TC (61.11 ± 1.05). For total lignin content, treatment TC shows the highest (263.73 ± 22.52) and the lowest found in treatment TG (188.43 ± 7.42). Study the gene expression of plant defence-related enzymes which are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) is also one of the method that possibily used to indicate the stress level in plant. Highest SOD level was found in treatment TC (24.56 ± 0.12) and lowest in treatment THG (23.49 ± 0.19) whereas highest CAT found in treatment THG (17.62 ± 0.06) and lowest in treatment TC (16.98 ± 0.19). This study revealed that Hendersonia GanoEF1 is suitable as an effective biological control agent for promoting the growth of oil palm seedlings and controlling BSR disease.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Ismail, Muhammad Faiz
author_facet	Ismail, Muhammad Faiz
author_sort	Ismail, Muhammad Faiz
title	Metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia GanoEF1
title_short	Metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia GanoEF1
title_full	Metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia GanoEF1
title_fullStr	Metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia GanoEF1
title_full_unstemmed	Metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia GanoEF1
title_sort	metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with hendersonia ganoef1
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2019
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90525/1/FS%202020%202%20-%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747813633804468224

Metabolite profiling, lignin accumulation and gene expression of oil palm germinated seed treated with Hendersonia GanoEF1

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