Synthesis and characterisation of alumino-silicate-fluoride based glass ceramics from clam shell and soda lime silica glass waste
The design of bioactive glass materials which is strictly related to glass technology is one of the main achievements in glass production. The attention towards the preparation of glass and glass-ceramics materials for applications in dentistry has increased. The CaO-SiO2-CaF2-P2O5-...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90530/1/FS%202020%203%20-%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | The design of bioactive glass materials which is strictly related to glass technology is
one of the main achievements in glass production. The attention towards the preparation of glass
and glass-ceramics materials for applications in dentistry has increased. The
CaO-SiO2-CaF2-P2O5-Al2O3 glass system has been studied by other researchers where the
material produced has high mechanical strength as compared to other bioactive glass and
glass-ceramics. Although this glass and glass-ceramics are well established for
dental application, its effect on using waste materials such as clam shell (CS) and soda lime
silica (SLS) glass for use in the dental field has not been extensively studied. Thus,
in this study, Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride (ASF) glass and glass- ceramics were fabricated and
synthesised using CS and SLS glass as a source of CaO and SiO2, respectively. A series of ASF glass
samples were prepared by using the conventional melt-quench technique. The thermal, chemical,
physical, structural and mechanical properties of precursor glass and glass-ceramics were
measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), energy-dispersive
x-ray (EDX), average density, molar volume, linear shrinkage, x-ray diffraction (XRD),
field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
and Vickers hardness (Hv) measurement. The density of the un-sintered pellets was found to
increase with increasing of CS powder in the glass samples. Moreover, the density and linear
shrinkage of glass-ceramic samples also increased with the increasing of sintering
temperature. However, these measurements have slightly decreased at 1100 ℃ and 1200 ℃. The
introduction of CaO-SiO2-CaF2-P2O5-Al2O3 containing materials, as well as the specific regime of
sintering of the glass, gave glass-ceramics materials with crystalline phases of the hexagonal
Ca5(PO4)3F (fluorapatite), orthorhombic Al5SiO9.5 (mullite) and anorthic
(Ca(Al2Si2O8)) (anorthite) crystals. The average calculated crystallite size of
fluorapatite obtained from XRD was found to be in the range 16-53 nm. The formation of needle-like microstructure, which is known as fluorapatite, was observed in FESEM
micrograph. The appearance of P−O and Si−O−Al bands detected from FTIR
measurements indicate that the formation of apatite and mullite crystal phases. The Hv of the
glass-ceramic have the same trends as the density of the pellets. The results obtained shows that
there was a slight decrease in both measurements at 1100 ℃ and 1200 ℃, due to
porosity formation and decomposition of fluorapatite phase into mullite and anorthite phase. As a
result, the optimum density and Hv were in a range of 2.651-2.810 g/cm³ and 4.75-6.14 GPa,
respectively, at 1000 ℃. Overall results promoted the ASF glass and glass- ceramics samples
produced from waste materials as a high potential candidate for dental applications since both
fluorapatite and mullite phases are likely to
result in the development of glass-ceramics with high mechanical strength. |
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