Secured single stage multiphoton approach for quantum cryptography protocol in free space optic
In order to mitigate the problem of low transmission rate and limited communication distance in Quantum Communication (QCs), multiphoton over multi-stages approach has been proven to be a possible alternative to the conventional single photon approach. Multiphoton has the ability to improve the r...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90721/1/FSKTM%202020%207%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | In order to mitigate the problem of low transmission rate and limited communication
distance in Quantum Communication (QCs), multiphoton over multi-stages
approach has been proven to be a possible alternative to the conventional single photon
approach. Multiphoton has the ability to improve the range of distances and
key generation rate over multi-stages photon transmission. However, the
determination of optimal mean photon numbers and number of stages in multiphoton
approach remains a key challenge to make the protocols well utilized during their
operations. Following this concern, three problems and their corresponding proposed
solutions in this thesis are presented below:
Firstly, the existing multiphoton approaches involve multiple photons to travel
throughout a number of stage. Furthermore, extra time is required to update the
polarization angle of optical device for encoding purposes. These conditions would
result in an increase in the total transmission time of the photons to be transmitted
over the quantum channel. Accordingly, a Hybrid M-Ary in Braided Single-Stage
(HMBSS) approach by utilizing data compression concept is proposed to address
these issues. In HMBSS, the sender is able to compress the secret message using
Huffman encoding over the braided single-stage operation. This compression
mechanism has reduced the number of bits required to represent a string of symbols,
thereby reducing the time to encode the photons. The simulation experiments shows
that HMBSS achieved promising result by 75.9% and 91.7% total average
transmission time decrease as compared to the well-known Multiphoton-BSS,
Multiphoton-M-ary and Multiphoton-TSIV. Secondly, providing strong authentication is the main focus in this research which
aims to make multiphoton QC secure against variety types of attacks. Current
authentication procedure in multiphoton QC requires public agreement to pre-share
the authentication key and secret angles before onset of the transmission, therefore
increasing the communication cost. As a solution, a Secure Secret Authentication
Key (SSAK) is proposed. In SSAK, the quantum handshake scheme is used to share
initial secret polarization angle and authentication key which is utilized before
quantum communication session. The results of simulation experiments reveal that
SSAK significantly outperformed the Three-stage protocol in terms of average
covered angle by Eve. The simulation experiments and security analysis of initial
authentication and transmission of messages verified that an eavesdropper is unable
to disclose any information about the transmitted message or the authentication key.
Lastly, most of the proposed QKD protocol employs a single-beam set up to transmit
the photons over the free space optic which results in low bit rate and limited
distance coverage due to high impact of geometrical loss. To deal with this, a
transmission technique of Multiphoton Quantum Communication using multiple beam
concept (MQC-MB) is proposed. Comparison is conducted in terms of total
loss and received power on different number of beam shows that 4-beam is
acceptable to be adapted in MQC-MB. The statistical analysis shows that such
approach has reduced the total attenuation by 6dB compared to single-beam setup. |
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