Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide with substantial after-treatment effects. Even with the constant improvement of current therapeutic strategies, the survival rate of breast cancers continues to decline over the decades. Breast cancer is slowly...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90847/1/IB%202020%2028%20-%20IR.pdf |
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| Summary: | Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide with substantial
after-treatment effects. Even with the constant improvement of current therapeutic
strategies, the survival rate of breast cancers continues to decline over the decades. Breast
cancer is slowly moving into the category of chronic disease due to various barrier limitations
such as poor prognosis, non- specific treatment and silent metastasis. Furthermore, severe side
effects from chemotherapy agents were seen to potentially harm healthy cells instead of
targeting only cancerous cells. Christia vespertilionis, a tropical Southeast Asia Fabaceae, is a
medicinal plant known for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this
study was to determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the root and leaf of C.
vespertilionis against breast cancer cell lines. Both the roots and leaves of the plant were
extracted using the successive solvent maceration method with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and
methanol. All the crude extracts were compared for the best bioactivity and was further
fractionated by column chromatography method. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts and
fractions were determined using TPC, DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assay. Cytotoxicity of
all the extracts and fractions were determined using MTT assay. The potentially active
compounds and phytochemical components of the active extract and fraction were
tentatively assigned and identified using LC-MS/MS. Based on the results, the root
extracts of C. vespertilionis showed better bioactivity compared to the leaf extracts. The ethyl
acetate root extract showed the highest TPC (TPC = 192.12 ± 4.41 μg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity
(DPPH IC50 = 70.16 ± 1.49 μg/mL and lipid peroxidation inhibition = 59.52 ± 0.57 %) compared to
others (p < 0.05). The extract also exhibited highly selective cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner against MDA-MB-231 and
MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines but not toward the normal 3T3 cells. The IC50 of the treated
MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and 3T3 cells were 11.34 ± 1.20, 44.65 ± 5.78 and 77.38 ± 4.71 μg/mL,
respectively. Amongst the ethyl acetate root fractions, CV E4 fraction exhibited the
highest TPC and lipid peroxidation inhibition (330.92 ± 7.30 μg GAE/g and 83.68
± 1.31 %, respectively). The highest free radical scavenging activity however was seen in CV
E6 fraction. Meanwhile, CV E3 fraction exhibited both significant and selective
cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The fraction’s IC50 was 5.72
± 0.99, 8.98 ± 1.06 and 49.90 ± 8.63 μg/mL against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and
3T3 cell lines, respectively. Further qualitative phytochemical characterization using LC-MS/MS
on the most active extract and fraction suggested the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids,
coumarins and quinones that contributes to the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. In
conclusion, the study suggests C. vespertilionis as a potential medicinal plant that is
selective toward breast cancers. The phytochemicals present in ethyl acetate root extract and CV
E3 fraction demonstrated notable cytotoxicity
especially
toward MDA-MB-231 cell line. |
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