Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide with substantial after-treatment effects. Even with the constant improvement of current therapeutic strategies, the survival rate of breast cancers continues to decline over the decades. Breast cancer is slowly...

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Main Author:	Lee, Joanna Jinling
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	Medicinal plants - Therapeutic use Cancer - Alternative treatment Legumes
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90847/1/IB%202020%2028%20-%20IR.pdf
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spelling	my-upm-ir.908472021-09-30T04:45:09Z Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines 2020-06 Lee, Joanna Jinling Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide with substantial after-treatment effects. Even with the constant improvement of current therapeutic strategies, the survival rate of breast cancers continues to decline over the decades. Breast cancer is slowly moving into the category of chronic disease due to various barrier limitations such as poor prognosis, non- specific treatment and silent metastasis. Furthermore, severe side effects from chemotherapy agents were seen to potentially harm healthy cells instead of targeting only cancerous cells. Christia vespertilionis, a tropical Southeast Asia Fabaceae, is a medicinal plant known for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the root and leaf of C. vespertilionis against breast cancer cell lines. Both the roots and leaves of the plant were extracted using the successive solvent maceration method with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. All the crude extracts were compared for the best bioactivity and was further fractionated by column chromatography method. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts and fractions were determined using TPC, DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assay. Cytotoxicity of all the extracts and fractions were determined using MTT assay. The potentially active compounds and phytochemical components of the active extract and fraction were tentatively assigned and identified using LC-MS/MS. Based on the results, the root extracts of C. vespertilionis showed better bioactivity compared to the leaf extracts. The ethyl acetate root extract showed the highest TPC (TPC = 192.12 ± 4.41 μg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 70.16 ± 1.49 μg/mL and lipid peroxidation inhibition = 59.52 ± 0.57 %) compared to others (p < 0.05). The extract also exhibited highly selective cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines but not toward the normal 3T3 cells. The IC50 of the treated MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and 3T3 cells were 11.34 ± 1.20, 44.65 ± 5.78 and 77.38 ± 4.71 μg/mL, respectively. Amongst the ethyl acetate root fractions, CV E4 fraction exhibited the highest TPC and lipid peroxidation inhibition (330.92 ± 7.30 μg GAE/g and 83.68 ± 1.31 %, respectively). The highest free radical scavenging activity however was seen in CV E6 fraction. Meanwhile, CV E3 fraction exhibited both significant and selective cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The fraction’s IC50 was 5.72 ± 0.99, 8.98 ± 1.06 and 49.90 ± 8.63 μg/mL against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and 3T3 cell lines, respectively. Further qualitative phytochemical characterization using LC-MS/MS on the most active extract and fraction suggested the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins and quinones that contributes to the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. In conclusion, the study suggests C. vespertilionis as a potential medicinal plant that is selective toward breast cancers. The phytochemicals present in ethyl acetate root extract and CV E3 fraction demonstrated notable cytotoxicity especially toward MDA-MB-231 cell line. Medicinal plants - Therapeutic use Cancer - Alternative treatment Legumes 2020-06 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90847/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90847/1/IB%202020%2028%20-%20IR.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Medicinal plants - Therapeutic use Cancer - Alternative treatment Legumes Saiful Yazan, Latifah
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Saiful Yazan, Latifah
topic	Medicinal plants - Therapeutic use Cancer - Alternative treatment Legumes
spellingShingle	Medicinal plants - Therapeutic use Cancer - Alternative treatment Legumes Lee, Joanna Jinling Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines
description	Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide with substantial after-treatment effects. Even with the constant improvement of current therapeutic strategies, the survival rate of breast cancers continues to decline over the decades. Breast cancer is slowly moving into the category of chronic disease due to various barrier limitations such as poor prognosis, non- specific treatment and silent metastasis. Furthermore, severe side effects from chemotherapy agents were seen to potentially harm healthy cells instead of targeting only cancerous cells. Christia vespertilionis, a tropical Southeast Asia Fabaceae, is a medicinal plant known for its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the root and leaf of C. vespertilionis against breast cancer cell lines. Both the roots and leaves of the plant were extracted using the successive solvent maceration method with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. All the crude extracts were compared for the best bioactivity and was further fractionated by column chromatography method. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts and fractions were determined using TPC, DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assay. Cytotoxicity of all the extracts and fractions were determined using MTT assay. The potentially active compounds and phytochemical components of the active extract and fraction were tentatively assigned and identified using LC-MS/MS. Based on the results, the root extracts of C. vespertilionis showed better bioactivity compared to the leaf extracts. The ethyl acetate root extract showed the highest TPC (TPC = 192.12 ± 4.41 μg GAE/g) and antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 70.16 ± 1.49 μg/mL and lipid peroxidation inhibition = 59.52 ± 0.57 %) compared to others (p < 0.05). The extract also exhibited highly selective cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines but not toward the normal 3T3 cells. The IC50 of the treated MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and 3T3 cells were 11.34 ± 1.20, 44.65 ± 5.78 and 77.38 ± 4.71 μg/mL, respectively. Amongst the ethyl acetate root fractions, CV E4 fraction exhibited the highest TPC and lipid peroxidation inhibition (330.92 ± 7.30 μg GAE/g and 83.68 ± 1.31 %, respectively). The highest free radical scavenging activity however was seen in CV E6 fraction. Meanwhile, CV E3 fraction exhibited both significant and selective cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The fraction’s IC50 was 5.72 ± 0.99, 8.98 ± 1.06 and 49.90 ± 8.63 μg/mL against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and 3T3 cell lines, respectively. Further qualitative phytochemical characterization using LC-MS/MS on the most active extract and fraction suggested the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins and quinones that contributes to the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. In conclusion, the study suggests C. vespertilionis as a potential medicinal plant that is selective toward breast cancers. The phytochemicals present in ethyl acetate root extract and CV E3 fraction demonstrated notable cytotoxicity especially toward MDA-MB-231 cell line.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Lee, Joanna Jinling
author_facet	Lee, Joanna Jinling
author_sort	Lee, Joanna Jinling
title	Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines
title_short	Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines
title_full	Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines
title_fullStr	Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines
title_full_unstemmed	Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines
title_sort	antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated christia vespertilionis (l.f) bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2020
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90847/1/IB%202020%2028%20-%20IR.pdf
_version_	1747813661072687104

Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity of successively macerated Christia vespertilionis (L.f) Bakh.f. root and leaf against breast cancer cell lines

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