Effects of pre- gelatinized starch inclusion in pellet on growth and physiological parameters of two commercial aquaculture species
A 9-week study was conducted to compare the use of dietary corn starch (CS) or tapioca starch (TS), with or without being pre-gelatinized (PG), on the growth, feeding efficiencies, plasma biochemistry, whole-body proximate composition, muscle cholesterol, muscle fatty acid composition, intestinal...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/90994/1/FP%202018%20114%20UPMIR.pdf |
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| Summary: | A 9-week study was conducted to compare the use of dietary corn starch (CS) or
tapioca starch (TS), with or without being pre-gelatinized (PG), on the growth, feeding
efficiencies, plasma biochemistry, whole-body proximate composition, muscle
cholesterol, muscle fatty acid composition, intestinal short chain fatty acids (SCFA),
and liver glycogen and histopathology of red hybrid tilapia (Orecohromis sp.).
Triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean weight = 0.739 ±0.01 g) were fed their
respective diets to satiation. Various pellet characteristics were also measured that
included bulk density (BD), expansion ratio (ER), pellet durability index (PDI), water
solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), and water stability (WS) while
the surface microstructure was examined.
Results showed that tilapia fed the TS diet had significantly lower growth (p < 0.05)
than all other treatments, but was significantly improved when pre-gelatinized. In the
PG dietary treatments, intestinal SCFA significantly decreased while plasma glucose,
cholesterol and triglycerides as well as liver glycogen were significantly higher
compared to the native starch diets. Whole-body proximate composition and muscle
cholesterol were unaffected by dietary treatments, although fish in the CS treatment
had significantly higher amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to
the other treatments. The PG diets had significantly higher PDI, WS, WSI and BD
compared to native starch diets. The surface morphology generally showed a smoother
surface for the PG diets.
While dietary TS was inferior compared to CS for tilapia, the PG-TS diet significantly
improved their growth and feeding efficiencies and moreover the PG diets led better
pellet characteristics that are likely to have important implications to the production of
aquafeeds. Therefore, for the second experiment the tapioca starch was chosen and tested with African catfish. Tilapia and African catfish are the common commercial
species that been farmed world wide.
A 7-week study was conducted to compare the use of dietary tapioca starch and pre
gelatinized tapioca starch with or without IMO on the growth, feeding efficiencies and
muscle proximate composition of African catfish, Clarias Gariepinus. Triplicate
groups of 15 fish (initial mean weight = 6.2 ± 0.3 g) were fed their respective diets to
satiation. Various pellet characteristics were also measured that included bulk density
(BD), pellet durability index, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index
(WAI), and water stability (WS).
Results showed that there are no significance differences between treatments in growth
of catfish (p > 0.05). The native starches with and without iso- maltose shows
significantly lower water stability while the pre- gelatinized starch with and without
iso- maltose showing high water stability. The water absorption index also shows
significantly different between the native starches and pre- gelatinized starch. In
overall, pre- gelatinized starches reduced the feed intake without compromising
growth. As well, there were some negative effects to the nutritive value of the fish but
it was mitigated by the addition of the prebiotic. Therefore, the pre- gelatinized tapioca
starch can reduce the cost of production and as well help to maintain the water quality. |
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