The Effect of Carbofuran and Endosulfan on the African Catfish, Clarias Garieplnus
This study was undertaken to determine the toxic effects of sub-lethal concentrations of carbofuran and endosulfan on some behavioural, morphological, biaccumulation, biochemical, histopathological, and molecular aspects of the freshwater African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The toxicity of carb...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2001
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9337/1/FSAS_2001_58.pdf |
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| Summary: | This study was undertaken to determine the toxic effects of sub-lethal
concentrations of carbofuran and endosulfan on some behavioural,
morphological, biaccumulation, biochemical, histopathological, and molecular
aspects of the freshwater African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The toxicity of
carbofuran and endsulfan was ascertained by estimating the LC₅₀.
The calculated 96-h LC₅₀ values of carbofuran and endosulfan for
juveniles of Clarias gariepinus were found to be 10.4 p.p.m and 2l.6 p.p.b
respectively, under tropical condition. The test fish swam erratically, struggled to
breath, often swam to the surface, followed by loss of equilibrium. The color of
the skin became progressively pale during the period of the test, The liver
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase
(GPT) and acetycholinesterase (AchE) were determined photometrically. Within
16 days of treatment, the activity levels of GOT and GPT were significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) increased by 203% and 121% for carbofuran and
167% and 195% for endosulfan respectively, whereas, AchE activity levels were
inhibited following exposure to the test pesticides. With no exceptions, the in
vivo and in vitro effects of carbofuran and enosulfan on GOT, GPT and AchE
were qualitatively similar.
The pesticide concentration in the tissues was in the order of liver>
intestine> gill> brain> muscle. The highest concentration of the test pesticides
(353.47 µg/g carbofuran and 1409.35 µg/g endosulfan) were found in the liver 24
hours after treatment. Liver lesions were observed following exposure to both
pesticides. The evidence of pesticide accumulation was elucidated by necrosis
and damaged fish liver.
The depletion in the protein content was observed following exposure to
carbofuran and endosulfan. The RNA concentrations were significantly decreased
in Clarias gariepinus exposed to both pesticides, whereas, DNA concentrations
tend to remain constant. The DNA molecular weight of the control fish was
found to be about 16832 bp, whereas, the DNA molecular weights of carbofuran
and endosulfan exposed fish were 14505 and 14505 bp respectively. The liversomatic
index decreased to 2.11 for carbofuran and 1.59 for endosulfan in
comparison to control. The biochemical, molecular, bioaccumulation,
histological, behavioural and morphological techniques employed in this study
may be used to detect and assess any pesticidal pollution in the aquatic
environment at an early stage of pollution. |
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