Preparation and Characterisation of Polystyrene Grafted Sago Starch
Styrene grafting onto sago starch was carried out by using eerie ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a redox initiator. The parameters affecting the grafting reaction were investigated and the optimum conditions obtained are as follows: temperature, 50°C; nitric acid concentration, 0.01 M; amount of styre...
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| المؤلف الرئيسي: | |
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| التنسيق: | أطروحة |
| اللغة: | English English |
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1999
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| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9499/1/FSAS_1999_36_A.pdf |
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my-upm-ir.94992013-09-26T00:35:51Z Preparation and Characterisation of Polystyrene Grafted Sago Starch 1999-05 Janarthanan, Pushpamalar Styrene grafting onto sago starch was carried out by using eerie ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a redox initiator. The parameters affecting the grafting reaction were investigated and the optimum conditions obtained are as follows: temperature, 50°C; nitric acid concentration, 0.01 M; amount of styrene, 0.35 mol; amount of CAN, 16.8 x 10-4 mol and reaction period, 2h. Percentages of grafting and grafting efficiency under the optimum condition were 53.92% and 73.21%, respectively. Reactions in the presence of nitrogen gas resulted in higher percentages of grafting and grafting efficiency. FTIR spectra analysis of the grafted chain and polystyrene was identical indicating that styrene was successfully grafted onto sago starch. TGA thermograms, DSC curves and SEM photographs of sago starch-g poly(styrene) and the original polymers (sago starch and polystyrene) were different which suggested that styrene was grafted onto sago starch. The bio-degradability study using a-amylase showed that the rate of degradation of gelatinised sago starch was higher than that of sago starch-gpoly( styrene). The highest rate of degradation of sago starch-gpoly(styrene) was obtained at 50 ppm of a-amylase concentration. Viscosity measurements showed that the intrinsic viscosity and the average molecular weight (Mv) increased with the increase in the percentage of grafted polystyrene. The Mv of the various percentages of grafted polystyrene were in the order of 104. The results obtained from the swelling of sago starch-gpoly(styrene) in polar and non polar solvents showed that the percentage of swelling at equilibrium and the swelling rate coefficient decreased in the following order: DMSO > water > acetone > cyclohexanone = CHCh > toluene = CCl4. Diffusions of the solvents onto the polymers were found to be of a Fickian only for DMSO. 1999-05 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9499/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9499/1/FSAS_1999_36_A.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies English |
| institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| collection |
PSAS Institutional Repository |
| language |
English English |
| topic |
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| spellingShingle |
Janarthanan, Pushpamalar Preparation and Characterisation of Polystyrene Grafted Sago Starch |
| description |
Styrene grafting onto sago starch was carried out by using eerie
ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a redox initiator. The parameters affecting the
grafting reaction were investigated and the optimum conditions obtained are
as follows: temperature, 50°C; nitric acid concentration, 0.01 M; amount of
styrene, 0.35 mol; amount of CAN, 16.8 x 10-4 mol and reaction period, 2h.
Percentages of grafting and grafting efficiency under the optimum condition
were 53.92% and 73.21%, respectively. Reactions in the presence of
nitrogen gas resulted in higher percentages of grafting and grafting
efficiency.
FTIR spectra analysis of the grafted chain and polystyrene was
identical indicating that styrene was successfully grafted onto sago starch.
TGA thermograms, DSC curves and SEM photographs of sago starch-g poly(styrene) and the original polymers (sago starch and polystyrene) were
different which suggested that styrene was grafted onto sago starch. The
bio-degradability study using a-amylase showed that the rate of degradation
of gelatinised sago starch was higher than that of sago starch-gpoly(
styrene). The highest rate of degradation of sago starch-gpoly(styrene) was obtained at 50 ppm of a-amylase concentration. Viscosity
measurements showed that the intrinsic viscosity and the average molecular
weight (Mv) increased with the increase in the percentage of grafted
polystyrene. The Mv of the various percentages of grafted polystyrene were
in the order of 104. The results obtained from the swelling of sago starch-gpoly(styrene) in polar and non polar solvents showed that the percentage of
swelling at equilibrium and the swelling rate coefficient decreased in the
following order: DMSO > water > acetone > cyclohexanone = CHCh >
toluene = CCl4. Diffusions of the solvents onto the polymers were found to
be of a Fickian only for DMSO. |
| format |
Thesis |
| qualification_level |
Master's degree |
| author |
Janarthanan, Pushpamalar |
| author_facet |
Janarthanan, Pushpamalar |
| author_sort |
Janarthanan, Pushpamalar |
| title |
Preparation and Characterisation of Polystyrene Grafted Sago Starch |
| title_short |
Preparation and Characterisation of Polystyrene Grafted Sago Starch |
| title_full |
Preparation and Characterisation of Polystyrene Grafted Sago Starch |
| title_fullStr |
Preparation and Characterisation of Polystyrene Grafted Sago Starch |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Preparation and Characterisation of Polystyrene Grafted Sago Starch |
| title_sort |
preparation and characterisation of polystyrene grafted sago starch |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Putra Malaysia |
| granting_department |
Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies |
| publishDate |
1999 |
| url |
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/9499/1/FSAS_1999_36_A.pdf |
| _version_ |
1747810967111073792 |