Effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants

Medicinal plants have been utilized worldwide for many centuries to treat diseases and enhance human’s health since they are rich in phytochemical constituents. Nowadays, medicinal plants still play an important role in healthcare sectors across many countries include Europe and Southeast Asia....

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Mhd Jamal, Syafiqah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	Plants Medicinal - adverse effects Radiotherapy - methods
Online Access:	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97749/1/FPSK%28m%29%202020%2014%20-%20IR.1.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-upm-ir.97749
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-upm-ir.977492022-11-03T03:57:28Z Effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants 2020-07 Mhd Jamal, Syafiqah Medicinal plants have been utilized worldwide for many centuries to treat diseases and enhance human’s health since they are rich in phytochemical constituents. Nowadays, medicinal plants still play an important role in healthcare sectors across many countries include Europe and Southeast Asia. Recently, medicinal plants such as Eurycoma longifolia, Ficus deltoidea and Centella asiatica have been widely commercialized as herbal-based products in Malaysia. However, high occurrence of microorganisms in medicinal plants can cause hazards to the consumers and change the therapeutic effects. For this reason, the study is focused on the effectiveness of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation in reducing the microbial contaminants and preserving the phytochemical constituents in common medicinal plants; Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., Labisia pumila and Piper betle L. This study provides preliminary data on the effectiveness of gamma irradiation as an efficient food sterilizer and provide specific dosages to sterilize herbs in Malaysia. The medicinal plants were processed as powder, individually packaged and exposed to 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 kGy cobalt-60 gamma irradiation at Malaysia Nuclear Agency. The microbial contaminants present in non-irradiated and irradiated medicinal plants were evaluated at 0, 3 and 6 months by conducting the microbial enumeration tests; Total Aerobic Microbial Counts (TAMC) and Total Yeast and Mold Counts (TYMC), bacterial identification using selective media and 16S rRNA PCR amplification. The microbial enumeration tests results showed that the bacterial, yeast and mold loads were significantly reduced after irradiation. There were significant changes (P < 0.05) observed in the microbial counts after irradiation at 3 and 6 kGy, whereas no significant changes (P > 0.05) observed after higher dosages. Interestingly, P. betle showed low microbial loads (< 102 CFU/g) and no significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed pre- and post- irradiation. The identification results revealed the presence of bacteria from Gammaproteobacteria and Clostridia classes in non-irradiated O. aristatus and L. pumila, while bacteria from Bacilli class mostly isolated from irradiated medicinal plants. Dose of 6 kGy was able to eliminate pathogenic Bacillus cereus in O. aristatus, whereas 9 kGy was able to eliminate pathogenic B. cereus in L. pumila. Interestingly, no pathogenic bacteria detected in P. betle pre- and postirradiation. The data clearly showed that gamma irradiation dose is plantdependent where irradiation at 6 and 9 kGy were needed to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in O. aristatus and L. pumila, respectively. This highlights that specific dosages are needed in eliminating pathogenic bacteria in different medicinal plants. Meanwhile, P. betle is considered as a microbial low plant and gamma irradiation seems not necessary to be applied on the plant. Concurrently, there were no changes in the phytochemical contents of medicinal plants in which constituents including saponins, tannins, steroids and triterpenes were detected in both non-irradiated and irradiated medicinal plants. In conclusion, cobalt-60 gamma irradiation is effective in reducing the microbial contaminants in medicinal plants and maintaining the phytochemical constituents. Plants, Medicinal - adverse effects Radiotherapy - methods 2020-07 Thesis http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97749/ http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97749/1/FPSK%28m%29%202020%2014%20-%20IR.1.pdf text en public masters Universiti Putra Malaysia Plants, Medicinal - adverse effects Radiotherapy - methods Jasni, Azmiza Syawani
institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
collection	PSAS Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Jasni, Azmiza Syawani
topic	Plants Medicinal - adverse effects Radiotherapy - methods
spellingShingle	Plants Medicinal - adverse effects Radiotherapy - methods Mhd Jamal, Syafiqah Effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants
description	Medicinal plants have been utilized worldwide for many centuries to treat diseases and enhance human’s health since they are rich in phytochemical constituents. Nowadays, medicinal plants still play an important role in healthcare sectors across many countries include Europe and Southeast Asia. Recently, medicinal plants such as Eurycoma longifolia, Ficus deltoidea and Centella asiatica have been widely commercialized as herbal-based products in Malaysia. However, high occurrence of microorganisms in medicinal plants can cause hazards to the consumers and change the therapeutic effects. For this reason, the study is focused on the effectiveness of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation in reducing the microbial contaminants and preserving the phytochemical constituents in common medicinal plants; Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., Labisia pumila and Piper betle L. This study provides preliminary data on the effectiveness of gamma irradiation as an efficient food sterilizer and provide specific dosages to sterilize herbs in Malaysia. The medicinal plants were processed as powder, individually packaged and exposed to 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 kGy cobalt-60 gamma irradiation at Malaysia Nuclear Agency. The microbial contaminants present in non-irradiated and irradiated medicinal plants were evaluated at 0, 3 and 6 months by conducting the microbial enumeration tests; Total Aerobic Microbial Counts (TAMC) and Total Yeast and Mold Counts (TYMC), bacterial identification using selective media and 16S rRNA PCR amplification. The microbial enumeration tests results showed that the bacterial, yeast and mold loads were significantly reduced after irradiation. There were significant changes (P < 0.05) observed in the microbial counts after irradiation at 3 and 6 kGy, whereas no significant changes (P > 0.05) observed after higher dosages. Interestingly, P. betle showed low microbial loads (< 102 CFU/g) and no significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed pre- and post- irradiation. The identification results revealed the presence of bacteria from Gammaproteobacteria and Clostridia classes in non-irradiated O. aristatus and L. pumila, while bacteria from Bacilli class mostly isolated from irradiated medicinal plants. Dose of 6 kGy was able to eliminate pathogenic Bacillus cereus in O. aristatus, whereas 9 kGy was able to eliminate pathogenic B. cereus in L. pumila. Interestingly, no pathogenic bacteria detected in P. betle pre- and postirradiation. The data clearly showed that gamma irradiation dose is plantdependent where irradiation at 6 and 9 kGy were needed to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in O. aristatus and L. pumila, respectively. This highlights that specific dosages are needed in eliminating pathogenic bacteria in different medicinal plants. Meanwhile, P. betle is considered as a microbial low plant and gamma irradiation seems not necessary to be applied on the plant. Concurrently, there were no changes in the phytochemical contents of medicinal plants in which constituents including saponins, tannins, steroids and triterpenes were detected in both non-irradiated and irradiated medicinal plants. In conclusion, cobalt-60 gamma irradiation is effective in reducing the microbial contaminants in medicinal plants and maintaining the phytochemical constituents.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mhd Jamal, Syafiqah
author_facet	Mhd Jamal, Syafiqah
author_sort	Mhd Jamal, Syafiqah
title	Effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants
title_short	Effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants
title_full	Effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants
title_fullStr	Effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants
title_sort	effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants
granting_institution	Universiti Putra Malaysia
publishDate	2020
url	http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/97749/1/FPSK%28m%29%202020%2014%20-%20IR.1.pdf
_version_	1776100272474423296

Effects of cobalt-60 gamma irradiation on microbial contaminants and phytochemical constituents of different medicinal plants

Similar Items