Identification Of Oral Bacteria From Subgingival Plaque And The Effect Of Salvadora Persica Extracts On The Growth
Oral diseases are commonly found in the human population caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque. There is still lacking of study regarding types of oral bacteria in the Malaysian population. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of oral streptococci which initiate periodontal disease as...
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| id |
my-usim-ddms-12630 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
uketd_dc |
| institution |
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
| collection |
USIM Institutional Repository |
| language |
en_US |
| topic |
Mouth Diseases--prevention & control Mouth--Microbiology Salvadora persica |
| spellingShingle |
Mouth Diseases--prevention & control Mouth--Microbiology Salvadora persica Nur Fatimah Zaharah Salehuddin Identification Of Oral Bacteria From Subgingival Plaque And The Effect Of Salvadora Persica Extracts On The Growth |
| description |
Oral diseases are commonly found in the human population caused by the accumulation
of bacterial plaque. There is still lacking of study regarding types of oral bacteria in the
Malaysian population. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of oral streptococci
which initiate periodontal disease as an early colonizer. Over time, Gram-negative
anaerobes become more established, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.
gingivalis). Nevertheless, bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance to medicinal drugs
over time. However, Salvadora persica (S. persica) or known as miswak is
acknowledged significantly due to the presence of bioactive compounds that contain
inhibitory activity against oral bacteria. The main objective in this study is to identify
oral bacteria from subgingival plaque and determine the antibacterial activities of
Salvadora persica Stem Extracts (SPSE) against selected oral bacteria. The specific
objective of this study is to identify the type of oral bacteria in subgingival plaque using
16S rRNA sequencing, to determine the antibacterial activities of SPSE against selected
oral bacteria and to investigate the phytochemistry compositions of SPSE using Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). This study successfully isolated 176 oral
bacteria from 10 subgingival plaque samples. A total of 17 oral bacteria had been
identified from all samples. About 97 Gram-negative bacteria were successfully
isolated from all samples. The majority of the bacteria are Gram-positive which is
Streptococcus species and others are Gram-negative bacteria, including P. gingivalis,
A. actinomycetemcomitans and K. pneumoniae. SPSE were produced using n-hexane,
DCM, acetone, ethanol, and methanol. Antibacterial activities of SPSE-n-hexane,
SPSE-DCM, SPSE-acetone, SPSE-ethanol, and SPSE-methanol were determined by
performing three different techniques, such as disc diffusion assay (DDA), minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against
S. mutans and P. gingivalis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was
analysed to investigate the phytochemistry composition in SPSE that can inhibit the
growth of S. mutans and P. gingivalis. From the results, there is a significant difference
between the type of solvents used in SPSE and the diameter of the inhibition zone for
S. mutans and P. gingivalis (p < 0.001). For MIC results, S. mutans were inhibited with
SPSE-n-hexane at 3.125 mg/mL. Meanwhile, S. mutans were killed with 6.25 mg/mL
of SPSE-n-hexane. In GCMS analysis, the major phytochemical of all extracts was
benzoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid. In conclusion, S. persica is
highly recommended as one of the oral hygiene tools to treat oral diseases due to its
effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of oral bacteria. |
| format |
Thesis |
| author |
Nur Fatimah Zaharah Salehuddin |
| author_facet |
Nur Fatimah Zaharah Salehuddin |
| author_sort |
Nur Fatimah Zaharah Salehuddin |
| title |
Identification Of Oral Bacteria From Subgingival Plaque And The Effect Of Salvadora Persica Extracts On The Growth |
| title_short |
Identification Of Oral Bacteria From Subgingival Plaque And The Effect Of Salvadora Persica Extracts On The Growth |
| title_full |
Identification Of Oral Bacteria From Subgingival Plaque And The Effect Of Salvadora Persica Extracts On The Growth |
| title_fullStr |
Identification Of Oral Bacteria From Subgingival Plaque And The Effect Of Salvadora Persica Extracts On The Growth |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Identification Of Oral Bacteria From Subgingival Plaque And The Effect Of Salvadora Persica Extracts On The Growth |
| title_sort |
identification of oral bacteria from subgingival plaque and the effect of salvadora persica extracts on the growth |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
| url |
https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/09e8eec3-8e50-4213-a67a-23309d0e1cb8/download https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/3484cc20-d3dd-4795-a667-8b9473077fff/download https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/a6b1153c-7e80-49c7-a08f-6e7241570be1/download https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/113068dc-6a90-4f75-a863-f6e19604b785/download https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/de6030d6-7e0a-4bbb-b7b5-9b2d0175da28/download https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/cc398e6d-3afd-4a28-aae7-b8e39922a50f/download https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/2089f3fc-e3e2-439f-bc12-e72fce721676/download https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/1364dea1-9f93-4987-b329-565c36bd9046/download https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/4e841395-5c03-4395-9cab-e7df875beccf/download |
| _version_ |
1812444915697713152 |
| spelling |
my-usim-ddms-126302024-05-29T20:21:04Z Identification Of Oral Bacteria From Subgingival Plaque And The Effect Of Salvadora Persica Extracts On The Growth Nur Fatimah Zaharah Salehuddin Oral diseases are commonly found in the human population caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque. There is still lacking of study regarding types of oral bacteria in the Malaysian population. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of oral streptococci which initiate periodontal disease as an early colonizer. Over time, Gram-negative anaerobes become more established, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Nevertheless, bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance to medicinal drugs over time. However, Salvadora persica (S. persica) or known as miswak is acknowledged significantly due to the presence of bioactive compounds that contain inhibitory activity against oral bacteria. The main objective in this study is to identify oral bacteria from subgingival plaque and determine the antibacterial activities of Salvadora persica Stem Extracts (SPSE) against selected oral bacteria. The specific objective of this study is to identify the type of oral bacteria in subgingival plaque using 16S rRNA sequencing, to determine the antibacterial activities of SPSE against selected oral bacteria and to investigate the phytochemistry compositions of SPSE using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). This study successfully isolated 176 oral bacteria from 10 subgingival plaque samples. A total of 17 oral bacteria had been identified from all samples. About 97 Gram-negative bacteria were successfully isolated from all samples. The majority of the bacteria are Gram-positive which is Streptococcus species and others are Gram-negative bacteria, including P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and K. pneumoniae. SPSE were produced using n-hexane, DCM, acetone, ethanol, and methanol. Antibacterial activities of SPSE-n-hexane, SPSE-DCM, SPSE-acetone, SPSE-ethanol, and SPSE-methanol were determined by performing three different techniques, such as disc diffusion assay (DDA), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. mutans and P. gingivalis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was analysed to investigate the phytochemistry composition in SPSE that can inhibit the growth of S. mutans and P. gingivalis. From the results, there is a significant difference between the type of solvents used in SPSE and the diameter of the inhibition zone for S. mutans and P. gingivalis (p < 0.001). For MIC results, S. mutans were inhibited with SPSE-n-hexane at 3.125 mg/mL. Meanwhile, S. mutans were killed with 6.25 mg/mL of SPSE-n-hexane. In GCMS analysis, the major phytochemical of all extracts was benzoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid. In conclusion, S. persica is highly recommended as one of the oral hygiene tools to treat oral diseases due to its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of oral bacteria. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 2023-04 Thesis en_US https://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/12630 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/78dfcfaa-547b-43c6-b4ad-5c0f3e537eb9/download 68b329da9893e34099c7d8ad5cb9c940 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/78db5ab5-7123-41a8-80a5-7a8ab2935cf0/download e120a03abfb3128835a79c31bc27226e https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/e9fd8f7d-16af-4e50-b566-b7772e8767fc/download aa197c1261c582ccaef40ba176366b85 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/9f274049-53b9-4fd4-a3f6-12c845e26a66/download 32d75e44831687366ae4803eec5528a7 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/7bb1bd0f-cdfa-4ef8-9275-6f983c0693a0/download be44a9ed2808cd338eeaf8e03fedc443 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/598d0184-2093-4e4d-b4a1-f492dd158fb5/download 9f775f94c506ab4c2dc50ffd720db792 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/74670414-4a3f-42ab-86a2-ca7590d8ae3b/download 47914cb84a6cab4293ce4cb77f1be977 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/4d33f15d-c67d-45a3-873c-de7cabe3fc11/download eb3cde39057202fad9b0d4ad98936e7b https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/6e7ba866-e647-48fe-8567-778302bb6313/download 04092cfe6c7bfaec8ebd9d872c8c6530 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/09e8eec3-8e50-4213-a67a-23309d0e1cb8/download 725731347fcbb18bf8480c6060163582 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/3484cc20-d3dd-4795-a667-8b9473077fff/download 12cfb3e2111b0ee8d048dcff4068846c https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/a6b1153c-7e80-49c7-a08f-6e7241570be1/download a4f1f8ed16a5713b9bedae006d817991 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/113068dc-6a90-4f75-a863-f6e19604b785/download 4008e41c6cb6a6a9a6e64765a5e2be65 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/de6030d6-7e0a-4bbb-b7b5-9b2d0175da28/download f1bbfcf59e3534856b1610e2353eae64 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/cc398e6d-3afd-4a28-aae7-b8e39922a50f/download 1c95e5fb831f2a724b803414337aae21 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/2089f3fc-e3e2-439f-bc12-e72fce721676/download a62e6832c6d23e6e7cc88ac10d75d52a https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/1364dea1-9f93-4987-b329-565c36bd9046/download 916fdc70ed40f850a4f3d32d5e6a1ef2 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/4e841395-5c03-4395-9cab-e7df875beccf/download b90b0ebb2f1b2fe8c05f72f3054794ca https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/4478e142-05f3-43b1-ab44-fce34af2281f/download 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 Mouth Diseases--prevention & control Mouth--Microbiology Plants, Medicinal Salvadora persica |