Preparation, Characterisation And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) NIBS waste
The production of‘ activated carbon in the commercial market is considered expensive. This is because it is made of non-renew able and cost-effective precursor such as bituminous coal. Thus. this study was conducted to assess the potential of cocoa nibs waste as a cheap activated carbon precursor....
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my-usim-ddms-13039 |
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Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
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USIM Institutional Repository |
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Carbon Activated Cocoa nib-based activated carbon |
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Carbon Activated Cocoa nib-based activated carbon Khairul Adli Nikman Preparation, Characterisation And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) NIBS waste |
| description |
The production of‘ activated carbon in the commercial market is considered expensive. This is because it is made of non-renew able and cost-effective precursor such as bituminous coal. Thus. this study was conducted to assess the potential of cocoa nibs waste as a cheap activated carbon precursor. The resulting activated carbon can be used to remove the methylene blue dyes. phenol and salicylic acid and dissolved Paracetamol solution. The activated carbon is produced using chemical activation with potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as an activating agent and carbonized in an inert state with the presence of nitrogen gas (N2). The experimental results showed that the carbonization temperatures and K2CO3 impregnation ratios were important factors affecting the results and performance of adsorption of methylene blue dyes. phenol, salicylic acid and Paracetamol by activated carbon. Activated carbon with high surface area and highly microporous that were produced with carbonization temperature at 800 °C and impregnation ratio of K2CO3 to charcoal at 3: 1. show ed the best adsorption results. This were due to the high surface area of the activated carbon (1.313 m2/g) and the micropore surface area was 1,019 rn2/g. The prepared activated carbon comprises a mixture of micro-and meso-pores (67% of the micro pore volume) with average pore width (median) of 3.8 rim. It was supported by the results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) that exhibited a carbon surface micrograph with a diverse pore structure. The analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique showed the presence of oxyqen functional qroups on the surface. When activated carbon was treated with hydrochloric acid, the surface area increased to 1,932m2 /g and the micropore surface area increased to 1,276 m2/g. Eventually. the micropore volume decreased to 57% and the average pore width decreased to 3.4 rim. The adsorption of blue methylene dyes and Paracetamol onto the treated activated carbon showed an increase conilaal ed to the untreated activated carbon. The highest removal efficiency for methylene blue dye was recorded at pH 5 while for paracetamol was at pH 3.2. The adsorption process of methylene blue dye was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Paracetamol adsorption was well described with the Langmuir ‘ and Freundlich isotherms.. The adsorption mechanisms for both adsorbates (methylene blue and Paracetamol) were best represented by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. |
| format |
Thesis |
| author |
Khairul Adli Nikman |
| author_facet |
Khairul Adli Nikman |
| author_sort |
Khairul Adli Nikman |
| title |
Preparation, Characterisation And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) NIBS waste |
| title_short |
Preparation, Characterisation And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) NIBS waste |
| title_full |
Preparation, Characterisation And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) NIBS waste |
| title_fullStr |
Preparation, Characterisation And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) NIBS waste |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Preparation, Characterisation And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) NIBS waste |
| title_sort |
preparation, characterisation and applications of activated carbon from cocoa (theobroma cacao) nibs waste |
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Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
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my-usim-ddms-130392024-05-29T18:51:52Z Preparation, Characterisation And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) NIBS waste Khairul Adli Nikman The production of‘ activated carbon in the commercial market is considered expensive. This is because it is made of non-renew able and cost-effective precursor such as bituminous coal. Thus. this study was conducted to assess the potential of cocoa nibs waste as a cheap activated carbon precursor. The resulting activated carbon can be used to remove the methylene blue dyes. phenol and salicylic acid and dissolved Paracetamol solution. The activated carbon is produced using chemical activation with potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as an activating agent and carbonized in an inert state with the presence of nitrogen gas (N2). The experimental results showed that the carbonization temperatures and K2CO3 impregnation ratios were important factors affecting the results and performance of adsorption of methylene blue dyes. phenol, salicylic acid and Paracetamol by activated carbon. Activated carbon with high surface area and highly microporous that were produced with carbonization temperature at 800 °C and impregnation ratio of K2CO3 to charcoal at 3: 1. show ed the best adsorption results. This were due to the high surface area of the activated carbon (1.313 m2/g) and the micropore surface area was 1,019 rn2/g. The prepared activated carbon comprises a mixture of micro-and meso-pores (67% of the micro pore volume) with average pore width (median) of 3.8 rim. It was supported by the results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) that exhibited a carbon surface micrograph with a diverse pore structure. The analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique showed the presence of oxyqen functional qroups on the surface. When activated carbon was treated with hydrochloric acid, the surface area increased to 1,932m2 /g and the micropore surface area increased to 1,276 m2/g. Eventually. the micropore volume decreased to 57% and the average pore width decreased to 3.4 rim. The adsorption of blue methylene dyes and Paracetamol onto the treated activated carbon showed an increase conilaal ed to the untreated activated carbon. The highest removal efficiency for methylene blue dye was recorded at pH 5 while for paracetamol was at pH 3.2. The adsorption process of methylene blue dye was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Paracetamol adsorption was well described with the Langmuir ‘ and Freundlich isotherms.. The adsorption mechanisms for both adsorbates (methylene blue and Paracetamol) were best represented by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 2018-08 Thesis en_US https://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/13039 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/eba729c6-014c-4dd7-a4c3-acb9c8c8c892/download 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/cc63017d-2a81-4bbd-9c52-0822792edf9a/download 9ef3f1adc3595c484579a4b9c477f77a https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/8c15ce27-1251-4133-99c5-706cb03b3d4d/download 14bac7e0ef554dcb1fb629817694c869 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/ebce576e-9a76-4f03-b445-d5f8c5994fc2/download 7b4f597b54e5a6b8ece05f06f51e2dfa https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/4e3d1e5e-6931-4dc0-9bea-0d7919d6e99a/download 737e44e64c0953c2909da9070f294b27 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/242b4488-3f85-4d17-93c1-c78972d499ac/download 4c4108b204746752e94502273bb1092b https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/8d5b3095-fbbe-4362-a040-a8d71facc03e/download 2978695e16aa9f106bfb72516f4238cb https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/e6181e54-0dc5-459d-bfa0-593e12707ff6/download 8e7e2a3e0e29f5bddc017524fc10c170 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/aa2b13c4-c8e2-4cd9-af47-32bd37d0e969/download dd0dcc0e5cee10f3bb3dd30471acdc33 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/134549b8-9eff-48f6-8bd6-349adcfa6119/download 46588064dc31117839d8c801c384ad4d https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/b231845d-d465-40ca-be1b-9e3ca33930e0/download bd5db69e67702433872b292fcb4ea032 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/34a800ca-2e65-4b7e-b3f9-e2dff768e7bd/download 68b329da9893e34099c7d8ad5cb9c940 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/1249164d-5dbd-49b7-b466-6b3911fb9545/download 06b7e51e8fc077b8c75076712e4dd2b3 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/9010980b-52b2-41fd-acf0-041d45474835/download 8d1b69dd9bdc9df4a8073c7a8193c7af https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/2a150c1f-e299-4741-9040-60b7e663fbf0/download 79ea1886757ca90ee7643ee5d045e0fc https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/bcf71636-8a4c-467c-a63b-acf5a1156598/download 79ea1886757ca90ee7643ee5d045e0fc https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/014b4b50-7c4c-4c8c-a330-b22dbcbd1985/download 06b7e51e8fc077b8c75076712e4dd2b3 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/9188ad0f-32c1-4878-9c35-12b192dab3c3/download 24e648839aa31918bceb936aff170ec0 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/fc59a7ab-3bb1-460f-808b-0d1feece136d/download 429079e52f342c49301a02e207bfde06 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/81ebfe62-4883-4734-87fb-38225002e4e1/download 212b0306580d4f0044d18f9a3edcc832 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/c2571637-6a6a-47d1-a853-ba932315c5cd/download 9d176d1f5f1b1954e72f6a2eb8776b1a Carbon, Activated Cocoa nib-based activated carbon |