Evaluation Of Metabolites In Human Urine Post Consumption Of Phoenix Dactylifera L. Using Multi-Platform Metabolomic Approach
Dates flesh (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has been reported can give beneficial effects on human body. Therefore, a study on metabolites changes in human urine after consumption of Ajwa dates or kurma Nabi has been performed. Initially, chemical compounds in Ajwa date were extracted using three mixture d...
Saved in:
| Summary: | Dates flesh (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has been reported can give beneficial effects on human body. Therefore, a study on metabolites changes in human urine after consumption of Ajwa dates or kurma Nabi has been performed. Initially, chemical compounds in Ajwa date were extracted using three mixture design and were identified using GCMS. The main compounds were found are 2, 3-dihydro-3, 5- dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one; β-sitosterol; caprylic acid and capric acid which have been reported having pharmacological functions as antioxidants, anticancer, antifungal and anti-inflammatory, respectively. Then, metabolomics study was conducted on 10 volunteers with no history of chronic disease. All volunteers were required to consume 7 Ajwa date flesh with control diets during the experiments (4 days). Urine samples were taken twice on Day 1 (7am and 7pm), four times on Day 2 (0h, 4h, 8h, 12h), twice on Day 3 (24h and 36h) and twice on Day 4 (48h and 60h) after consumption of Ajwa date. Metabolites changes in urine samples were studied using 1H-NMR, GCMS and LC-QToF-MS. Investigation on 1H–NMR data found that date fruits give beneficial effect on human body where the intensity of the stress biomarker metabolites (alanine; citrate and hippurate) were significantly decreased after the consumption of Ajwa dates, but were elevated back to previous level (0h) after 24 hours. The intensity of creatinine (renal function biomarker) was significantly eliminated in 4h, 8h and 12h after consuming Ajwa dates and significantly increased after 24 hours consuming Ajwa dates. Scores and Loadings plots (PCA) on 1H-NMR data has illustrated a complete 24h cycle of the effects of Ajwa dates intake, which indicates the effect of consuming Ajwa dates on human body is within 24 hours. Furthermore, urine sample (0h to 24h) from one of ten volunteers was selected for further analysis using LC-QToF-MS technique. The results revealed that some phytochemicals such as alkaloids; sterols; phenols and flavonoids in urine samples were changed after taken date fruits. Meanwhile GCMS data on acid, alkaline and neutral extraction on urine samples showed that fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acid in urine increased after consumption of date fruits where the dates containing fatty acids. Further investigation on the urinary metabolites using NMR based and MS-based had confirmed the beneficial effect of Ajwa dates in human health. Findings in this study have confirmed that metabolomics is an effective tool that can be applied to evaluate the metabolism of chemical compounds for human health. |
|---|