Preparation, Characterization And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao)Nibs Waste
The production of activated carbon in the commercial market is considered expensive. This is because it is made of non-renewable and cost-effective precursor such as bituminous coal. Thus. this study was conducted to assess the potential of cocoa nibs waste as a cheap activated carbon precursor. Th...
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Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
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Cacao Cacao Biological products |
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Cacao Cacao Biological products Khairul Adli Nikman Preparation, Characterization And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao)Nibs Waste |
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The production of activated carbon in the commercial market is considered expensive.
This is because it is made of non-renewable and cost-effective precursor such as bituminous coal. Thus. this study was conducted to assess the potential of cocoa nibs waste as a cheap activated carbon precursor. The resulting activated carbon can be used to remove the methylene blue dyes, phenol and salicylic acid, and dissolved Paracetamol in aqueous solution. The activated carbon is produced using chemical activation with potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as and activating agent and carbonized in an inert state with the presence of nitrogen gas (N2). The experimental results showed that the carbonization temperatures and K2CO3 impregnation ratios were importantfactors affecting the results and performance of adsorption of methylene blue dyes, phenol, salicylic acid and Paracetamol 1by activated carbon. Activated carbon with high
surface area and highly microporous that were produced with carbonization temperature at 800 oC and impregnation ratio of K2CO3 to charcoal at 3: 1. showed the best adsorption results. This were due to the high surface area of the activated carbon (1.313 m/g) and the micropore surface area was 1,019 m2/g. The prepared activated carbon comprises a mixture of micro- and meso- pores (67% of the micro pore volume) with average pore width (median) of 3.8 nm. It was supported by the results of scanning electron microscope( SEM) that exhibited a carbon surface micrograph with a diverse pore structure. The analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique showed the presence of oxygen functional groups on the surface. When activated carbon was treated with hydrochloric acid, the surface area increased to 1,932 m2/g and the
micropore surface area increased to 1,276 m2/g. Eventually, the micropore volume decreased to 57% and the average pore width decreased to 3.3 nm. The adsorption of blue methylene dyes and Paracetamol onto the treated activated carbon showed an increase compared to the untreated activated carbon. The highest removal efficiency for methylene blue dye was recorded at pH 5 while for paracetamol was at pH 3.2. The adsorption process of methylene blue dye was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model .Paracetarno1 adsorption was well described with the Langmuir and Freundlich isoterms. The adsorption mechanisms for both adsorbates (methylene blue and Paracetamol) were best represented by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. |
| format |
Thesis |
| author |
Khairul Adli Nikman |
| author_facet |
Khairul Adli Nikman |
| author_sort |
Khairul Adli Nikman |
| title |
Preparation, Characterization And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao)Nibs Waste |
| title_short |
Preparation, Characterization And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao)Nibs Waste |
| title_full |
Preparation, Characterization And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao)Nibs Waste |
| title_fullStr |
Preparation, Characterization And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao)Nibs Waste |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Preparation, Characterization And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao)Nibs Waste |
| title_sort |
preparation, characterization and applications of activated carbon from cocoa (theobroma cacao)nibs waste |
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Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia |
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my-usim-ddms-132972024-05-29T18:10:42Z Preparation, Characterization And Applications Of Activated Carbon From Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao)Nibs Waste Khairul Adli Nikman The production of activated carbon in the commercial market is considered expensive. This is because it is made of non-renewable and cost-effective precursor such as bituminous coal. Thus. this study was conducted to assess the potential of cocoa nibs waste as a cheap activated carbon precursor. The resulting activated carbon can be used to remove the methylene blue dyes, phenol and salicylic acid, and dissolved Paracetamol in aqueous solution. The activated carbon is produced using chemical activation with potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as and activating agent and carbonized in an inert state with the presence of nitrogen gas (N2). The experimental results showed that the carbonization temperatures and K2CO3 impregnation ratios were importantfactors affecting the results and performance of adsorption of methylene blue dyes, phenol, salicylic acid and Paracetamol 1by activated carbon. Activated carbon with high surface area and highly microporous that were produced with carbonization temperature at 800 oC and impregnation ratio of K2CO3 to charcoal at 3: 1. showed the best adsorption results. This were due to the high surface area of the activated carbon (1.313 m/g) and the micropore surface area was 1,019 m2/g. The prepared activated carbon comprises a mixture of micro- and meso- pores (67% of the micro pore volume) with average pore width (median) of 3.8 nm. It was supported by the results of scanning electron microscope( SEM) that exhibited a carbon surface micrograph with a diverse pore structure. The analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique showed the presence of oxygen functional groups on the surface. When activated carbon was treated with hydrochloric acid, the surface area increased to 1,932 m2/g and the micropore surface area increased to 1,276 m2/g. Eventually, the micropore volume decreased to 57% and the average pore width decreased to 3.3 nm. The adsorption of blue methylene dyes and Paracetamol onto the treated activated carbon showed an increase compared to the untreated activated carbon. The highest removal efficiency for methylene blue dye was recorded at pH 5 while for paracetamol was at pH 3.2. The adsorption process of methylene blue dye was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model .Paracetarno1 adsorption was well described with the Langmuir and Freundlich isoterms. The adsorption mechanisms for both adsorbates (methylene blue and Paracetamol) were best represented by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia 2018-08 Thesis en_US https://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/13297 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/3da3860c-476d-4bad-ad4a-73d67444c9ed/download 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/db18f8a1-d4e9-45d7-b0bb-88422946762f/download b711937b286c0951bb6796a8d14f1f14 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/cedb3959-7453-4264-bf25-36fa340fb428/download 529cd0a4967711357d83d6030fa0e23d https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/82ecd687-03df-4850-a0c5-6644dc7ad8a6/download dd149c25bd39b7bd12dcbfbcfde1a8df https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/3176700c-73ed-4e6c-8d71-f493f555e8d8/download 7c5b452400c314ce42ed85e21d8fe0eb https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/771334ab-cec1-4bb8-999c-8478c5717c9f/download 94a52beadd487ca39cc370dee101c0db https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/ac7494a7-9cbb-49ba-ba78-1653f9c16b98/download b0de19a78e3103ad0604d311ee4fc415 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/bccfb52a-869d-4a15-882f-2cfa6eac4c02/download a4f99f294fa6d80d83cdb9a1243bcbbd https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/ed2a3f0d-68fe-4cae-abfb-6c00a38e110f/download 75801c45281b80f9ed7d13c514ab52e5 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/a1377a08-b559-4df5-b580-0585ea71ef95/download 8f72bc52f8dd6d1f9ffe259378a63cd4 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/5a850590-0c6f-4003-b380-c581239876fc/download a3b36281f7eb0970396e6a5453dc9dc5 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/7b945492-9a84-4e65-95cf-ebe51e08f13c/download 8d1b69dd9bdc9df4a8073c7a8193c7af https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/128d124e-ee8c-4675-815f-fc54a61be84e/download 79ea1886757ca90ee7643ee5d045e0fc https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/d18202c8-9a11-44c4-b0cc-fdd2397829bf/download 06b7e51e8fc077b8c75076712e4dd2b3 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/8e5f4001-ecab-4044-aa6f-1b1cd85c63c0/download 24e648839aa31918bceb936aff170ec0 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/5e148f8d-1698-474e-a652-691d2f149ac6/download 429079e52f342c49301a02e207bfde06 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/a691b746-b4b2-4899-8b0f-2cd106b0dade/download 212b0306580d4f0044d18f9a3edcc832 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/4b1bc94f-e03c-4755-9550-8fed833c1ec5/download 79ea1886757ca90ee7643ee5d045e0fc https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/acd19c8a-b325-4822-93fb-644430a03410/download 68b329da9893e34099c7d8ad5cb9c940 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/dbf63318-d3dc-4f3c-92eb-712120b67e55/download 06b7e51e8fc077b8c75076712e4dd2b3 https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/4dca0c54-9420-4997-9a9f-923897588225/download 9d176d1f5f1b1954e72f6a2eb8776b1a Cacao Carbon, Activated Biological products |