Characterization And Properties Of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Based High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber Blends

Effects of thermoplastic tapioca starch (TPS) on the properties of HDPE/NR (70/30) blends were investigated. Tapioca starch was chosen to incorporate into HDPE/NR blends due to its abundance and biodegradability properties. However certain drawbacks, such as poor compatibility with the hydrophobic p...

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Main Author:	Abd Wahab, Mohamad kahar
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2013
Subjects:	TA404 Composite materials
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/37334/1/MOHAMAD_KAHAR_BIN_AB_WAHAB_24_Pages.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.373342019-04-12T05:26:18Z Characterization And Properties Of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Based High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber Blends 2013 Abd Wahab, Mohamad kahar TA404 Composite materials Effects of thermoplastic tapioca starch (TPS) on the properties of HDPE/NR (70/30) blends were investigated. Tapioca starch was chosen to incorporate into HDPE/NR blends due to its abundance and biodegradability properties. However certain drawbacks, such as poor compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrix, tendency not to disperse during processing and affinity for moisture are factors which lower the potential of TPS based blends. TPS loadings were varied from 0 wt% to 30 wt% and incorporated into HDPE/NR blends using HAAKE rheomix 600 internal mixer. The melt blending was carried out at temperature of 150 ⁰C with the rotor speed of 50 rpm for 12 minutes. Mechanical properties of blends were evaluated as a function of TPS loadings and the influence of blend’s modification. The tensile strength showed a sharp drop on addition of TPS particle into the blends system due to the inability of TPS to support the stress transfer between phases. Few series of blend’s modification have been done in order to improve the mechanical properties of the blends. TPS was treated with citric acid in order to improve the plasticization and fluidity of TPS in HDPE/NR blends. TPS can be partly depolymerised to produce low viscosity product when processed with citric acid. It is also found that TPS with low molecular weight (Mw) is easy to disperse in the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend and improve wettability at the inter phase of TPS-HDPE/NR as shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) as a compatibilizer was also xxviii shown to be effective in improving the tensile strength. The degree of TPS adhesion and dispersion in blends were improved in the cases of PE-g-MA compatibilized blends. The improvement in compatibilized TPS-HDPE/NR interface adhesion was clearly indicated in SEM study. In the cases of dynamic vulcanization system, two series were prepared; (a) sulphur vulcanized blends and (b) N, N’-m-phenylenebismaleimide (HVA-2) vulcanized HDPE/NR/TPS blends. Tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break exhibit significant improvement when HDPE/NR/TPS blends were subjected to the both crosslinkers. Moreover, SEM micrographs showed fine TPS was dispersed and well embedded in vulcanized HDPE/NR matrix. Comparison was also made based on the results of gel content, thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential scanning calorymetry (DSC). Generally, the improvement observed in tensile properties, blends homogeneity and thermal stability can be correlated to the crosslink formation within the NR phase. 2013 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/37334/ http://eprints.usm.my/37334/1/MOHAMAD_KAHAR_BIN_AB_WAHAB_24_Pages.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TA404 Composite materials
spellingShingle	TA404 Composite materials Abd Wahab, Mohamad kahar Characterization And Properties Of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Based High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber Blends
description	Effects of thermoplastic tapioca starch (TPS) on the properties of HDPE/NR (70/30) blends were investigated. Tapioca starch was chosen to incorporate into HDPE/NR blends due to its abundance and biodegradability properties. However certain drawbacks, such as poor compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrix, tendency not to disperse during processing and affinity for moisture are factors which lower the potential of TPS based blends. TPS loadings were varied from 0 wt% to 30 wt% and incorporated into HDPE/NR blends using HAAKE rheomix 600 internal mixer. The melt blending was carried out at temperature of 150 ⁰C with the rotor speed of 50 rpm for 12 minutes. Mechanical properties of blends were evaluated as a function of TPS loadings and the influence of blend’s modification. The tensile strength showed a sharp drop on addition of TPS particle into the blends system due to the inability of TPS to support the stress transfer between phases. Few series of blend’s modification have been done in order to improve the mechanical properties of the blends. TPS was treated with citric acid in order to improve the plasticization and fluidity of TPS in HDPE/NR blends. TPS can be partly depolymerised to produce low viscosity product when processed with citric acid. It is also found that TPS with low molecular weight (Mw) is easy to disperse in the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend and improve wettability at the inter phase of TPS-HDPE/NR as shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) as a compatibilizer was also xxviii shown to be effective in improving the tensile strength. The degree of TPS adhesion and dispersion in blends were improved in the cases of PE-g-MA compatibilized blends. The improvement in compatibilized TPS-HDPE/NR interface adhesion was clearly indicated in SEM study. In the cases of dynamic vulcanization system, two series were prepared; (a) sulphur vulcanized blends and (b) N, N’-m-phenylenebismaleimide (HVA-2) vulcanized HDPE/NR/TPS blends. Tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break exhibit significant improvement when HDPE/NR/TPS blends were subjected to the both crosslinkers. Moreover, SEM micrographs showed fine TPS was dispersed and well embedded in vulcanized HDPE/NR matrix. Comparison was also made based on the results of gel content, thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential scanning calorymetry (DSC). Generally, the improvement observed in tensile properties, blends homogeneity and thermal stability can be correlated to the crosslink formation within the NR phase.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Abd Wahab, Mohamad kahar
author_facet	Abd Wahab, Mohamad kahar
author_sort	Abd Wahab, Mohamad kahar
title	Characterization And Properties Of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Based High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber Blends
title_short	Characterization And Properties Of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Based High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber Blends
title_full	Characterization And Properties Of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Based High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber Blends
title_fullStr	Characterization And Properties Of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Based High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber Blends
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization And Properties Of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Based High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber Blends
title_sort	characterization and properties of thermoplastic tapioca starch based high density polyethylene / natural rubber blends
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral
publishDate	2013
url	http://eprints.usm.my/37334/1/MOHAMAD_KAHAR_BIN_AB_WAHAB_24_Pages.pdf
_version_	1747820659740770304

Characterization And Properties Of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Based High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber Blends

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