Magnetophoretic Separation Of Microalgae Via Iron Oxide Nanoparticle

Harvesting of microalgae biomass is a crucial step in obtaining the microalgae biomass as biofuel feedstock and also to avoid the secondary water pollution caused by the decomposition of microalgae biomass in the water system. Magnetophoretic separation is being recognized as a feasible method to h...

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Main Author:	Toh, Pey Yi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TP155-156 Chemical engineering
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/41289/1/TOH_PEY_YI_24_Pages.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.412892018-08-13T02:14:46Z Magnetophoretic Separation Of Microalgae Via Iron Oxide Nanoparticle 2015 Toh, Pey Yi TP155-156 Chemical engineering Harvesting of microalgae biomass is a crucial step in obtaining the microalgae biomass as biofuel feedstock and also to avoid the secondary water pollution caused by the decomposition of microalgae biomass in the water system. Magnetophoretic separation is being recognized as a feasible method to harvest the microalgae. It is performed via attachment of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) on the cell surface in order to impart the magnetic property onto the cells and hence enable the subsequent collection of cells by using a permanent magnet. The electrostatic-mediated-attachment mechanism which enables the attachment and detachment of particle-to-microalgal cell is usually done through a series of pH manipulation. However, the need of pH adjustment onto the microalgae culture medium prohibited the use of this technology in large scale application. Therefore,the surface functionalization of IONPs to form positively charged surface functionalized IONPs (SF-IONPs) is carried out in order to overcome the drawback associated with pH manipulation. This study looked into the characterization of the prepared SF-IONPs, the modeling of particle-to-microalgal cell interaction, the separation kinetic in low gradient magnetic separation (LGMS), and its feasibility on water treatment and biofuel production. The colloidally stable positively charged SFIONPs which were prepared via immobilized-on approach promote effective electrostatic attachment of SF-IONPs on the freshwater Chlorella vulgaris. The surface functionalization using poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)was chosen over chitosan since its surface charge are not pH dependent. A high cell separation efficiency of > 97 % was obtained in all range of pH tested and the oil quality from the harvested biomass was not affected. The kinetic study indicated that the cell separation is initiated via particle-to-microalgal cell aggregation during incubation followed by field-induced-aggregation under magnetic field in LGMS with ∇B < 80 T/m. Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Vewey-Overbeek (XDLVO)analysis employed to predict the interaction between SF-IONPs and microalgal cells took into account the van der Waals (vdW), ES and Lewis acid-base (AB) interactions. The ES interaction governed the net interaction between cell and SFIONPs in freshwater media while the AB and vdW interactions play a dominant role in seawater. XDLVO predicted effective attachment of SF-IONPs onto cell surface with a secondary minimum of -3.12 kT, which is in accordance with the experimental result. This gave an insight on the strategy of particle detachment from cell for reuse. In overall, the performance of SF-IONPs is strongly depending on the particle stability, molecular weight (MW) of PDDA, particle concentration, and the microalgae species. The SF-IONPs coated by very low MW PDDA at dosage of 100 g PDDA/g IONPs formed the most colloidally stable suspension and it enabled the separation of C. vulgaris at almost 100 % efficiency with SF-IONPs concentration of ≥ 50 mg/L. The light shading effect and cell agglomeration were the main toxic effect of SF-IONPs (PDDAvl) toward the growth of C. vulgaris. This technology was proven effective and cost feasible in fishpond water treatment. A cell separation efficiency of 90 % was achieved and at water treatment cost of USD$0.15/m3 with a dosage of 0.519 g SF-IONPs/g dry biomass under the LGMS. In biofuel production, further improvement is required to meet the economic feasibility. 2015 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/41289/ http://eprints.usm.my/41289/1/TOH_PEY_YI_24_Pages.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP155-156 Chemical engineering
spellingShingle	TP155-156 Chemical engineering Toh, Pey Yi Magnetophoretic Separation Of Microalgae Via Iron Oxide Nanoparticle
description	Harvesting of microalgae biomass is a crucial step in obtaining the microalgae biomass as biofuel feedstock and also to avoid the secondary water pollution caused by the decomposition of microalgae biomass in the water system. Magnetophoretic separation is being recognized as a feasible method to harvest the microalgae. It is performed via attachment of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) on the cell surface in order to impart the magnetic property onto the cells and hence enable the subsequent collection of cells by using a permanent magnet. The electrostatic-mediated-attachment mechanism which enables the attachment and detachment of particle-to-microalgal cell is usually done through a series of pH manipulation. However, the need of pH adjustment onto the microalgae culture medium prohibited the use of this technology in large scale application. Therefore,the surface functionalization of IONPs to form positively charged surface functionalized IONPs (SF-IONPs) is carried out in order to overcome the drawback associated with pH manipulation. This study looked into the characterization of the prepared SF-IONPs, the modeling of particle-to-microalgal cell interaction, the separation kinetic in low gradient magnetic separation (LGMS), and its feasibility on water treatment and biofuel production. The colloidally stable positively charged SFIONPs which were prepared via immobilized-on approach promote effective electrostatic attachment of SF-IONPs on the freshwater Chlorella vulgaris. The surface functionalization using poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)was chosen over chitosan since its surface charge are not pH dependent. A high cell separation efficiency of > 97 % was obtained in all range of pH tested and the oil quality from the harvested biomass was not affected. The kinetic study indicated that the cell separation is initiated via particle-to-microalgal cell aggregation during incubation followed by field-induced-aggregation under magnetic field in LGMS with ∇B < 80 T/m. Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Vewey-Overbeek (XDLVO)analysis employed to predict the interaction between SF-IONPs and microalgal cells took into account the van der Waals (vdW), ES and Lewis acid-base (AB) interactions. The ES interaction governed the net interaction between cell and SFIONPs in freshwater media while the AB and vdW interactions play a dominant role in seawater. XDLVO predicted effective attachment of SF-IONPs onto cell surface with a secondary minimum of -3.12 kT, which is in accordance with the experimental result. This gave an insight on the strategy of particle detachment from cell for reuse. In overall, the performance of SF-IONPs is strongly depending on the particle stability, molecular weight (MW) of PDDA, particle concentration, and the microalgae species. The SF-IONPs coated by very low MW PDDA at dosage of 100 g PDDA/g IONPs formed the most colloidally stable suspension and it enabled the separation of C. vulgaris at almost 100 % efficiency with SF-IONPs concentration of ≥ 50 mg/L. The light shading effect and cell agglomeration were the main toxic effect of SF-IONPs (PDDAvl) toward the growth of C. vulgaris. This technology was proven effective and cost feasible in fishpond water treatment. A cell separation efficiency of 90 % was achieved and at water treatment cost of USD$0.15/m3 with a dosage of 0.519 g SF-IONPs/g dry biomass under the LGMS. In biofuel production, further improvement is required to meet the economic feasibility.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Toh, Pey Yi
author_facet	Toh, Pey Yi
author_sort	Toh, Pey Yi
title	Magnetophoretic Separation Of Microalgae Via Iron Oxide Nanoparticle
title_short	Magnetophoretic Separation Of Microalgae Via Iron Oxide Nanoparticle
title_full	Magnetophoretic Separation Of Microalgae Via Iron Oxide Nanoparticle
title_fullStr	Magnetophoretic Separation Of Microalgae Via Iron Oxide Nanoparticle
title_full_unstemmed	Magnetophoretic Separation Of Microalgae Via Iron Oxide Nanoparticle
title_sort	magnetophoretic separation of microalgae via iron oxide nanoparticle
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.usm.my/41289/1/TOH_PEY_YI_24_Pages.pdf
_version_	1747820902791249920

Magnetophoretic Separation Of Microalgae Via Iron Oxide Nanoparticle

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