Development Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methyl Ester Process From Palm Oil Using Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts

Development Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methyl Ester Process From Palm Oil Using Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts

Biodiesel is an eco-friendly and alternative energy source for diesel engines that can be synthesized by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat with alcohols. Ultrasonic-assisted transesterification of palm oil in the presence of alkaline earth metal oxide catalysts (CaO, SrO and BaO) wa...

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Main Author: Mootabadi, Hamed
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2010
Subjects:
TP1-1185 Chemical technology
Online Access:http://eprints.usm.my/41631/1/HAMED_MOOTABADI_HJ.pdf
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spelling my-usm-ep.416312019-04-12T05:26:47Z Development Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methyl Ester Process From Palm Oil Using Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts 2010-10 Mootabadi, Hamed TP1-1185 Chemical technology Biodiesel is an eco-friendly and alternative energy source for diesel engines that can be synthesized by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat with alcohols. Ultrasonic-assisted transesterification of palm oil in the presence of alkaline earth metal oxide catalysts (CaO, SrO and BaO) was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, surface analysis, AAS analysis and the Hammett indicator method. Batch transesterification process assisted by 20 kHz ultrasonic cavitation, with a maximum power of 200 W, was carried out to study the effects of reaction time (10–60 min), alcohol to palm oil molar ratio (3:1–15:1), catalysts loading (0.5–3 %) and variation of ultrasonic amplitudes (25-100 %). The activities of the catalysts were mainly related to their basic strength. The catalytic activity was in the sequence of CaO < SrO < BaO. Also, the yields achieved under ultrasonic increased from 5.5 % to 77.3 % (CaO), 48.2 % to 95.2 % (SrO), and 67.3 % to 95.2 (BaO) , respectively within a period of 60 minutes. Reuse of the catalysts after several successive cycles was also investigated. Significant reduction in catalytic activity was experienced by BaO catalyst while moderate decrease in the yield occurred for SrO and CaO catalysts. SrO supported over alumina was selected for the transesterification reaction. The optimum synthesis condition was achieved at 500 °C of calcinations temperature with 35 %wt of metal loading. Ultrasonic 2010-10 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/41631/ http://eprints.usm.my/41631/1/HAMED_MOOTABADI_HJ.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
institution Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection USM Institutional Repository
language English
topic TP1-1185 Chemical technology
spellingShingle TP1-1185 Chemical technology
Mootabadi, Hamed
Development Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methyl Ester Process From Palm Oil Using Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts
description Biodiesel is an eco-friendly and alternative energy source for diesel engines that can be synthesized by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat with alcohols. Ultrasonic-assisted transesterification of palm oil in the presence of alkaline earth metal oxide catalysts (CaO, SrO and BaO) was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, surface analysis, AAS analysis and the Hammett indicator method. Batch transesterification process assisted by 20 kHz ultrasonic cavitation, with a maximum power of 200 W, was carried out to study the effects of reaction time (10–60 min), alcohol to palm oil molar ratio (3:1–15:1), catalysts loading (0.5–3 %) and variation of ultrasonic amplitudes (25-100 %). The activities of the catalysts were mainly related to their basic strength. The catalytic activity was in the sequence of CaO < SrO < BaO. Also, the yields achieved under ultrasonic increased from 5.5 % to 77.3 % (CaO), 48.2 % to 95.2 % (SrO), and 67.3 % to 95.2 (BaO) , respectively within a period of 60 minutes. Reuse of the catalysts after several successive cycles was also investigated. Significant reduction in catalytic activity was experienced by BaO catalyst while moderate decrease in the yield occurred for SrO and CaO catalysts. SrO supported over alumina was selected for the transesterification reaction. The optimum synthesis condition was achieved at 500 °C of calcinations temperature with 35 %wt of metal loading. Ultrasonic
format Thesis
qualification_level Master's degree
author Mootabadi, Hamed
author_facet Mootabadi, Hamed
author_sort Mootabadi, Hamed
title Development Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methyl Ester Process From Palm Oil Using Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts
title_short Development Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methyl Ester Process From Palm Oil Using Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts
title_full Development Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methyl Ester Process From Palm Oil Using Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts
title_fullStr Development Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methyl Ester Process From Palm Oil Using Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts
title_full_unstemmed Development Of Ultrasonic-Assisted Methyl Ester Process From Palm Oil Using Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts
title_sort development of ultrasonic-assisted methyl ester process from palm oil using alkaline earth metal oxide catalysts
granting_institution Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia
publishDate 2010
url http://eprints.usm.my/41631/1/HAMED_MOOTABADI_HJ.pdf
_version_ 1747820944610557952

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