A Research On The Potential Of Local Natural Fiber To Produce Handmade Papers For Drawing, Painting And Printmaking

The increased use of electronic devices has increased the usage of solder connections. Lead, the prime solder hitherto used, is hazardous to human health and the environment. Thus, replacing Sn-37Pb with a lead-free solder is one of the most important issues in the electronics industry. As such,...

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Main Author:	Noor, Ervina Efzan Mhd
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2013
Subjects:	TN1-997 Mining engineering Metallurgy
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/43372/1/Ervina%20Efzan%20Binti%20Mhd%20Noor24.pdf
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id	my-usm-ep.43372
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spelling	my-usm-ep.433722019-04-12T05:26:14Z A Research On The Potential Of Local Natural Fiber To Produce Handmade Papers For Drawing, Painting And Printmaking 2013-06 Noor, Ervina Efzan Mhd TN1-997 Mining engineering. Metallurgy The increased use of electronic devices has increased the usage of solder connections. Lead, the prime solder hitherto used, is hazardous to human health and the environment. Thus, replacing Sn-37Pb with a lead-free solder is one of the most important issues in the electronics industry. As such, the characteristics of In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn compared with that of the Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy were studied. In the differential scanning calometry analysis, In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn system alloys presented a low melting temperature of 61.3 °C and 72.3 °C, respectively. Surface tension and contact angle of In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn lead-free solder alloys were measured on Cu substrate and different surface finishes at 100, 120 and 140 °C reflow. Sessile drop measurements showed that the contact angle depended on the reflow temperature. The contact angle gradually decreased from 30.76° to 17.25° as reflow temperature increased from 100 to 140 °C and for In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn solder alloy on Cu substrate, ranged from 58° to 7° after wetting on Ni/Cu substrate at the same reflow temperature range (100 to 140°C). Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis found two layers of intermetallic compound in the In-Bi-Sn solder alloy: Cu6Sn5 and Cu11In9 (scallop shaped) and Cu11In9 (brightly coloured) with Cu and Sn/Cu substrate. The IMC between the In-Bi-Zn solder alloy could be observed: Cu5Zn8 (continuous planar) and Cu11In9, a minor IMC layer with Cu and Sn/Cu substrate. However, only one type of IMC was formed between both solders (In-Bi- Sn and In-Bi-Zn) and Ni/Cu substrate, which was InNi2. As the reflow temperature increased, the shear strength of the In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn solder alloys on Cu, Ni/Cu and Sn/Cu joints improved due to reduced contact angle and larger spreading area. 2013-06 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/43372/ http://eprints.usm.my/43372/1/Ervina%20Efzan%20Binti%20Mhd%20Noor24.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TN1-997 Mining engineering Metallurgy
spellingShingle	TN1-997 Mining engineering Metallurgy Noor, Ervina Efzan Mhd A Research On The Potential Of Local Natural Fiber To Produce Handmade Papers For Drawing, Painting And Printmaking
description	The increased use of electronic devices has increased the usage of solder connections. Lead, the prime solder hitherto used, is hazardous to human health and the environment. Thus, replacing Sn-37Pb with a lead-free solder is one of the most important issues in the electronics industry. As such, the characteristics of In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn compared with that of the Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy were studied. In the differential scanning calometry analysis, In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn system alloys presented a low melting temperature of 61.3 °C and 72.3 °C, respectively. Surface tension and contact angle of In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn lead-free solder alloys were measured on Cu substrate and different surface finishes at 100, 120 and 140 °C reflow. Sessile drop measurements showed that the contact angle depended on the reflow temperature. The contact angle gradually decreased from 30.76° to 17.25° as reflow temperature increased from 100 to 140 °C and for In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn solder alloy on Cu substrate, ranged from 58° to 7° after wetting on Ni/Cu substrate at the same reflow temperature range (100 to 140°C). Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis found two layers of intermetallic compound in the In-Bi-Sn solder alloy: Cu6Sn5 and Cu11In9 (scallop shaped) and Cu11In9 (brightly coloured) with Cu and Sn/Cu substrate. The IMC between the In-Bi-Zn solder alloy could be observed: Cu5Zn8 (continuous planar) and Cu11In9, a minor IMC layer with Cu and Sn/Cu substrate. However, only one type of IMC was formed between both solders (In-Bi- Sn and In-Bi-Zn) and Ni/Cu substrate, which was InNi2. As the reflow temperature increased, the shear strength of the In-Bi-Sn and In-Bi-Zn solder alloys on Cu, Ni/Cu and Sn/Cu joints improved due to reduced contact angle and larger spreading area.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Noor, Ervina Efzan Mhd
author_facet	Noor, Ervina Efzan Mhd
author_sort	Noor, Ervina Efzan Mhd
title	A Research On The Potential Of Local Natural Fiber To Produce Handmade Papers For Drawing, Painting And Printmaking
title_short	A Research On The Potential Of Local Natural Fiber To Produce Handmade Papers For Drawing, Painting And Printmaking
title_full	A Research On The Potential Of Local Natural Fiber To Produce Handmade Papers For Drawing, Painting And Printmaking
title_fullStr	A Research On The Potential Of Local Natural Fiber To Produce Handmade Papers For Drawing, Painting And Printmaking
title_full_unstemmed	A Research On The Potential Of Local Natural Fiber To Produce Handmade Papers For Drawing, Painting And Printmaking
title_sort	research on the potential of local natural fiber to produce handmade papers for drawing, painting and printmaking
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral
publishDate	2013
url	http://eprints.usm.my/43372/1/Ervina%20Efzan%20Binti%20Mhd%20Noor24.pdf
_version_	1747821202443862016

A Research On The Potential Of Local Natural Fiber To Produce Handmade Papers For Drawing, Painting And Printmaking

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