Transesterification Of Crude Jatropha Oil By Ultrasound-Assisted Process In The Presence Of Heteropolyacid Based Catalysts

The current research work research work focused on the investigation of FAME production from high FFA and water content crude Jatropha oil through an ultrasound-assisted process. The ultrasonic energy was invested to overcome the barrier of poor contact between the oil and methanol due to the immisc...

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Main Author:	Badday, Ali Sabri
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2013
Subjects:	L7-991 Education (General)
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/45049/1/Ali%20Sabri%20Badday24.pdf
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id	my-usm-ep.45049
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-usm-ep.450492019-07-24T07:18:14Z Transesterification Of Crude Jatropha Oil By Ultrasound-Assisted Process In The Presence Of Heteropolyacid Based Catalysts 2013-08 Badday, Ali Sabri L7-991 Education (General) The current research work research work focused on the investigation of FAME production from high FFA and water content crude Jatropha oil through an ultrasound-assisted process. The ultrasonic energy was invested to overcome the barrier of poor contact between the oil and methanol due to the immiscible nature of them reducing the required reaction time and temperature. New heterogeneous acid catalysts based on heteropoly acid were synthesized, characterized and used in the transesterification reaction. Tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) was immobilized on activated carbon (AC) and gamma alumina (Al) or converted to its cesium (Cs) salt to improve its resistance against the solubility in the polar reaction media. Different TPA loadings on the supports and various molar ratios of cesium to TPA were studied and characterized. TPA20-AC, TPA25-Al and Cs salt with molar ratio of 1.5 were used in the investigation of the optimum reaction conditions with the aid of design of experiments software (DOE). Four reaction variables including reaction time (10-50 min), reactants molar ratio (5:1-25:1), ultrasonic amplitude (30-90 %) and catalyst amount (2.5-4.5 w/w oil) were chosen and optimized to generate thorough understanding on the behavior of the system under ultrasonic conditions. The catalysts were also investigated for possible reusability and leaching phenomenon under ultrasonic conditions. 2013-08 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/45049/ http://eprints.usm.my/45049/1/Ali%20Sabri%20Badday24.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Pendidikan
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	L7-991 Education (General)
spellingShingle	L7-991 Education (General) Badday, Ali Sabri Transesterification Of Crude Jatropha Oil By Ultrasound-Assisted Process In The Presence Of Heteropolyacid Based Catalysts
description	The current research work research work focused on the investigation of FAME production from high FFA and water content crude Jatropha oil through an ultrasound-assisted process. The ultrasonic energy was invested to overcome the barrier of poor contact between the oil and methanol due to the immiscible nature of them reducing the required reaction time and temperature. New heterogeneous acid catalysts based on heteropoly acid were synthesized, characterized and used in the transesterification reaction. Tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) was immobilized on activated carbon (AC) and gamma alumina (Al) or converted to its cesium (Cs) salt to improve its resistance against the solubility in the polar reaction media. Different TPA loadings on the supports and various molar ratios of cesium to TPA were studied and characterized. TPA20-AC, TPA25-Al and Cs salt with molar ratio of 1.5 were used in the investigation of the optimum reaction conditions with the aid of design of experiments software (DOE). Four reaction variables including reaction time (10-50 min), reactants molar ratio (5:1-25:1), ultrasonic amplitude (30-90 %) and catalyst amount (2.5-4.5 w/w oil) were chosen and optimized to generate thorough understanding on the behavior of the system under ultrasonic conditions. The catalysts were also investigated for possible reusability and leaching phenomenon under ultrasonic conditions.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Badday, Ali Sabri
author_facet	Badday, Ali Sabri
author_sort	Badday, Ali Sabri
title	Transesterification Of Crude Jatropha Oil By Ultrasound-Assisted Process In The Presence Of Heteropolyacid Based Catalysts
title_short	Transesterification Of Crude Jatropha Oil By Ultrasound-Assisted Process In The Presence Of Heteropolyacid Based Catalysts
title_full	Transesterification Of Crude Jatropha Oil By Ultrasound-Assisted Process In The Presence Of Heteropolyacid Based Catalysts
title_fullStr	Transesterification Of Crude Jatropha Oil By Ultrasound-Assisted Process In The Presence Of Heteropolyacid Based Catalysts
title_full_unstemmed	Transesterification Of Crude Jatropha Oil By Ultrasound-Assisted Process In The Presence Of Heteropolyacid Based Catalysts
title_sort	transesterification of crude jatropha oil by ultrasound-assisted process in the presence of heteropolyacid based catalysts
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Pendidikan
publishDate	2013
url	http://eprints.usm.my/45049/1/Ali%20Sabri%20Badday24.pdf
_version_	1747821445327618048

Transesterification Of Crude Jatropha Oil By Ultrasound-Assisted Process In The Presence Of Heteropolyacid Based Catalysts

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