Hydrochemistry Of Groundwater Pollution In The Urban Area Of Khan Younis City, Gaza Strip, Palestine
Groundwater is the only water source for drinking and domestic purposes in Khan Younis city and rainfall is the only source for fresh water recharge. Meanwhile, urbanization increment in last decades leads to groundwater overexploitation and quality highly polluted. The aim of this research is to...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2017
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/45715/1/Hydrochemistry%20Of%20Groundwater%20Pollution%20In%20The%20Urban%20Area%20Of%20Khan%20Younis%20City%2C%20Gaza%20Strip%2C%20Palestine.pdf |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | Groundwater is the only water source for drinking and domestic purposes in Khan
Younis city and rainfall is the only source for fresh water recharge. Meanwhile,
urbanization increment in last decades leads to groundwater overexploitation and
quality highly polluted. The aim of this research is to explore the groundwater
hydrochemical characteristics and mechanisms and hydrochemical processes controls
the pollutants in the aquifer, determine mineral saturation states, explore the
significance of deuterium versus oxygen18 of the groundwater system and
determine the alterations according to groundwater flow direction. For this purpose,
240 groundwater samples from 20 wells were monitored and analyzed for major
ionic parameters. While 35 samples analyzed for the isotopes. The result show that,
the groundwater is near neutral to weakly alkaline in nature, have electrical
conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, chlorides and nitrates values more than
the maximum acceptable limits for drinking and domestic uses. Meanwhile, the
correlation matrix indicates that, the groundwater is originated from a combination of
many origins such as natural, mineral dissolution, saline water intrusion and
anthropogenic pollution. While the most dominance hydrochemical facie for the
water is sodium–chloride–sulfate water type. This water type is hard in nature, has
‘Low to Medium’ water class, unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes.
Calcite, dolomite, gypsum, fluorapatite and fluorite dissolutions and evaporation
with ionexchange process are the mechanisms controlling the hydrochemical
composition and pollutants enrichment in the groundwater. The isotopic values
indicate that isotopes originated from groundwater mixing with rainfall and other
water sources, the groundwater recharged from rainfall source and other sources and
the area is characterized by semiarid climate. WATEQ4F model simulation shows
that calcite and dolomite are in oversaturation states, gypsum and flourite are in
undersaturation states and the aquifer is an open system to atmosphere. According
to flow direction from east to west there are high impact of saline water intrusion in
the east, calcite with dolomite abundance and dissolution in the middle,
fluoridebearing minerals abundance and dissolution the east, sewage from cesspits
on nitrate and phosphate contamination in the west and finally anthropogenic
activities on boron and sulfate contamination in the east. There are minor decreases
of in isotopic values from the east to west, indicating aquifer homogeneity. |
|---|