Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent From Polishing Pond Using Calcinated Limestone Roughing Filter

Treatment of wastewater is one of the major problems faced by palm oil mill operators. One of the palm oil mill industries in Sungai Kecil Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia is experiencing a high concentration of turbidity, COD, colour, suspended solid and ammoniacal nitrogen in the final effl...

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Main Author:	Dashti, Arezoo Fereidonian
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	T Technology
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/45785/1/Treatment%20Of%20Palm%20Oil%20Mill%20Effluent%20From%20Polishing%20Pond%20Using%20Calcinated%20Limestone%20Roughing%20Filter.pdf
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spelling	my-usm-ep.457852021-11-17T03:42:16Z Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent From Polishing Pond Using Calcinated Limestone Roughing Filter 2017-04 Dashti, Arezoo Fereidonian T Technology TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Treatment of wastewater is one of the major problems faced by palm oil mill operators. One of the palm oil mill industries in Sungai Kecil Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia is experiencing a high concentration of turbidity, COD, colour, suspended solid and ammoniacal nitrogen in the final effluent after biological treatment that exceeds the standard discharge limit. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the suitability of using raw and calcinated limestone as low cost filter media for the treatment of treated effluent by using horizontal roughing filter. The physico-chemical treatment adopted in this study is preferred over other methods because of its simplicity, easy maintenance and quality control. The last treatment pond of palm oil mill effluent is the polishing pond where wastewater is directly discharged to the river. The polishing pond was selected for sampling in this study. The minimum and maximum concentrations of turbidity, COD, colour, suspended solid, and ammoniacal nitrogen in the polishing pond were 200 - 650 NTU, 2,200 – 3,300 mg/L, 3,000 – 5,000 PtCo, 400 - 730 mg/L, and 190 – 300 mg/L respectively. The parameters used in this study were particle sizes of limestone of 4, 12 and 20 mm, flowrates of 20 mL/min, 60 mL/min, and 100 mL/min and temperatures of 400 ˚C, 600 ˚C and 800 ˚C. Results indicated that a smaller particle size of limestone (4 mm) was more effective than a larger particle size of limestone (20 mm) because smaller sized particles of filter media have higher surface area which leads to high adsorption capacity. In contrast, a low flow rate (20mL/min) results in higher column saturation time, while higher flow rate results in shorter column saturation time and shows low removal efficiency. The study indicated that calcinated limestone at 800 ˚C has the highest removal efficiency for turbidity, COD, colour, SS and NH3-N (66%, 50%, 52%, 60% and 57% respectively) at smaller sized filter media (4 mm) and lower flow rate (20 mL/min) compared to calcinated limestone at different temperature and raw limestone. The batch results showed that the optimum dosage of calcinated limestone at 800 ˚C for removing turbidity, COD, colour, SS and NH3-N (69.23%, 48.23%, 40.13%, 70.81%, 50% respectively) was 85 g, whereas the optimum settling time was 5 hours. High removal efficiency was obtained in acidic phase for all parameters, but NH3-N was removed efficiently at pH 10 (58.17%) for calcinated limestone at 800 ˚C. The equilibrium adsorption data for turbidity, COD, colour, SS and NH3-N (0.959, 0.916, 0.935, 0.909, 0.977 respectively) was wellfitted with the Langmuir isotherm compared to that of Freundlich isotherm, indicated by high R2 value for small sized calcinated (800 ˚C) limestone. 2017-04 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/45785/ http://eprints.usm.my/45785/1/Treatment%20Of%20Palm%20Oil%20Mill%20Effluent%20From%20Polishing%20Pond%20Using%20Calcinated%20Limestone%20Roughing%20Filter.pdf application/pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection	USM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	T Technology T Technology
spellingShingle	T Technology T Technology Dashti, Arezoo Fereidonian Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent From Polishing Pond Using Calcinated Limestone Roughing Filter
description	Treatment of wastewater is one of the major problems faced by palm oil mill operators. One of the palm oil mill industries in Sungai Kecil Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia is experiencing a high concentration of turbidity, COD, colour, suspended solid and ammoniacal nitrogen in the final effluent after biological treatment that exceeds the standard discharge limit. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the suitability of using raw and calcinated limestone as low cost filter media for the treatment of treated effluent by using horizontal roughing filter. The physico-chemical treatment adopted in this study is preferred over other methods because of its simplicity, easy maintenance and quality control. The last treatment pond of palm oil mill effluent is the polishing pond where wastewater is directly discharged to the river. The polishing pond was selected for sampling in this study. The minimum and maximum concentrations of turbidity, COD, colour, suspended solid, and ammoniacal nitrogen in the polishing pond were 200 - 650 NTU, 2,200 – 3,300 mg/L, 3,000 – 5,000 PtCo, 400 - 730 mg/L, and 190 – 300 mg/L respectively. The parameters used in this study were particle sizes of limestone of 4, 12 and 20 mm, flowrates of 20 mL/min, 60 mL/min, and 100 mL/min and temperatures of 400 ˚C, 600 ˚C and 800 ˚C. Results indicated that a smaller particle size of limestone (4 mm) was more effective than a larger particle size of limestone (20 mm) because smaller sized particles of filter media have higher surface area which leads to high adsorption capacity. In contrast, a low flow rate (20mL/min) results in higher column saturation time, while higher flow rate results in shorter column saturation time and shows low removal efficiency. The study indicated that calcinated limestone at 800 ˚C has the highest removal efficiency for turbidity, COD, colour, SS and NH3-N (66%, 50%, 52%, 60% and 57% respectively) at smaller sized filter media (4 mm) and lower flow rate (20 mL/min) compared to calcinated limestone at different temperature and raw limestone. The batch results showed that the optimum dosage of calcinated limestone at 800 ˚C for removing turbidity, COD, colour, SS and NH3-N (69.23%, 48.23%, 40.13%, 70.81%, 50% respectively) was 85 g, whereas the optimum settling time was 5 hours. High removal efficiency was obtained in acidic phase for all parameters, but NH3-N was removed efficiently at pH 10 (58.17%) for calcinated limestone at 800 ˚C. The equilibrium adsorption data for turbidity, COD, colour, SS and NH3-N (0.959, 0.916, 0.935, 0.909, 0.977 respectively) was wellfitted with the Langmuir isotherm compared to that of Freundlich isotherm, indicated by high R2 value for small sized calcinated (800 ˚C) limestone.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Dashti, Arezoo Fereidonian
author_facet	Dashti, Arezoo Fereidonian
author_sort	Dashti, Arezoo Fereidonian
title	Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent From Polishing Pond Using Calcinated Limestone Roughing Filter
title_short	Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent From Polishing Pond Using Calcinated Limestone Roughing Filter
title_full	Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent From Polishing Pond Using Calcinated Limestone Roughing Filter
title_fullStr	Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent From Polishing Pond Using Calcinated Limestone Roughing Filter
title_full_unstemmed	Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent From Polishing Pond Using Calcinated Limestone Roughing Filter
title_sort	treatment of palm oil mill effluent from polishing pond using calcinated limestone roughing filter
granting_institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department	Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam
publishDate	2017
url	http://eprints.usm.my/45785/1/Treatment%20Of%20Palm%20Oil%20Mill%20Effluent%20From%20Polishing%20Pond%20Using%20Calcinated%20Limestone%20Roughing%20Filter.pdf
_version_	1747821565632839680

Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent From Polishing Pond Using Calcinated Limestone Roughing Filter

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