Synthesis And Characterization Of Mesoporous Carbonated Hydroxyapatite For Drug Delivery Application
Mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HA) as a drug carrier has been widely studied but seldom focused was given on more biocompatible species for example mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA). Incorporation of mesoporous structure is expected to give the CHA better biocompatibility properties and drug...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/45794/1/Synthesis%20And%20Characterization%20Of%20Mesoporous%20Carbonated%20Hydroxyapatite%20For%20Drug%20Delivery%20Application.pdf |
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| Summary: | Mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HA) as a drug carrier has been widely studied
but seldom focused was given on more biocompatible species for example
mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA). Incorporation of mesoporous
structure is expected to give the CHA better biocompatibility properties and drug
release profile. The ultimate aim of this research is to synthesise mesoporous CHA
that demonstrates optimum pore characteristics for drug delivery application and to
investigate the biocompatibility properties of the material. The effects of different
type of surfactant with different numbers of polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide
(PEO-PPO) units, types of washing solvents used (such as deionized water, ethanol
and acetone), concentrations of surfactant and concentration of carbonate precursor
on the pore characteristics of the mesoporous CHA were investigated. Mesoporous
CHA was synthesised by hydrothermal method using non-ionic triblock co-polymers
surfactant as a template to introduce pores within CHA particles. Among different
washing solvents studied, deionized water is more preferable as a solvent for the
washing process, as it is not only physiologically biocompatible than ethanol but also
resulted a higher surface area (63 m2g-1) compare to other solvents. Mesoporous
CHA synthesise using P123 (63 m2g-1) has a larger surface area than those produced
using F127 (58 m2g-1). The transmission electron microscope images confirmed the
presence of mesopores as an array of pore channels in the synthesised sample. The
optimum pore characteristics (i.e. surface area = 78 m2g-1, pore size = 27 nm and
pore volume = 0.542 nm) of mesoporous CHA was obtained when surfactant
concentration (1.7 mM) was maintained closed to critical micelle concentration
(CMC), 0.0044 mM. High carbonate precursor concentration (1 M) was found to
produce mesoporous CHA with high surface area and carbonate content within the
range of natural human bone (2−8%). The biocompatibility of the materials was
determined by carrying out the in vitro bioactivity study, cytotoxicity and alkaline
phosphatase (ALP) tests on the mesoporous CHA. The in vitro bioactivity,
cytotoxicity and ALP tests results proved that the mesoporous CHA has a good
biocompatibility comparable to commercial HA. Mesoporous CHA was confirmed
non-toxic to the MC3T3-E1 cells. The material also supported cells differentiation at
various concentration extracts up to 25 mg/ml. Finally, drug loading and release
profile of the mesoporous CHA were evaluated using ibuprofen and cisplatin as
models drug. As for investigation using ibuprofen, the mesopores introduced within
the CHA structure has enabled it to have higher drug loading capacity (DLC = 18.9
wt%) and better loading efficiency (28 wt%) as well as higher release amount (about
39 %) than nonporous CHA (DLC = 6.6 wt%, EE = 13.2 wt%, release amount about
10%). Mesoporous CHA with larger surface area demonstrated better controlledrelease
property than the lower surface area mesoporous CHA. |
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