Structural relationship of transtheoretical model of behaviour changes, and amount of physical activity among undergraduate students in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Introduction: Physical activity is an important determinant of the physiological and psychological health, protecting against several common diseases. Despite knowing the benefit of engaging in physical activity (PA) regularly, the majority of the university students were not physically active. A...

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Main Author: Ting, Liu Kien
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2018
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Online Access:http://eprints.usm.my/46142/1/Dr.%20Liu%20Kien%20Ting-24%20pages.pdf
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spelling my-usm-ep.461422020-02-10T01:56:05Z Structural relationship of transtheoretical model of behaviour changes, and amount of physical activity among undergraduate students in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia 2018-08 Ting, Liu Kien RJ101 Child Health. Child health services Introduction: Physical activity is an important determinant of the physiological and psychological health, protecting against several common diseases. Despite knowing the benefit of engaging in physical activity (PA) regularly, the majority of the university students were not physically active. A theoretically based tool was developed to understand the psychological mechanism involving students’ PA behaviour. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is an integrated model which aimed to understand individual’s behavioural changes by experiencing a series of readiness for change. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the validity of TTM constructs using a confirmatory approach and examine structural relationship of the TTM and the amount of PA among undergraduate’s students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out to test the students who took part in the cocurricular programme. A total of 562 students participated in this study. By using purposive sampling, students were informed that their participation is entirely voluntarily, those who interested completed the self-administered questionnaires. The TTM constructs consists of processes of change (PC), decisional balance (DB), selfefficacy (SE) and stages of change (SOC) have been used widely to promote PA. The data was analyzed using SPSS 24 for descriptive statistics and graphs. Mplus version-8 was used for confirmatory factor analysis as well as Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis for inferential statistics. Results: The majority of the students were Malay (73.3%), female (79.0%) with the mean of 2.62 times exercise per week and mean of 43.14 minutes exercise per session. In testing the measurement model of PC, the 30 items final model fits the data well based on several fit indices (CFI=0.921, SRMR= 0.066, RMSEA (90%CI) = 0.047 (0.043, 0.051), RMSEA p-value =0.888). For the DB scale, the 10 items of final measurement model displayed excellent fit indices (CFI=0.960, TLI=0.943, SRMR=0.055, RMSEA (90%CI) = 0.061 (0.047, 0.074), RMSEA p-value = 0.096). For the SE scale, the 12 items of final measurement model showed excellent fit indices (CFI = 0.924, SRMR= 0.064, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.067 (0.057, 0.078), RMSEA p-value= 0.004). The final structural model fit the data well based on several fit indices (CFI=0.951, SRMR= 0.034, RMSEA (90%CI) = 0.056 (0.038, 0.074), RMSEA p-value= 0.284). It also showed significant inter-relationship among the TTM constructs and nine hypotheses were supported from the model. However, among all the constructs examined, only PC would affect PA. Meanwhile, the SOC, pros and SE had significant indirect relationship with PA. Conclusion: The findings suggested that SOC in an individual would affect the SE level, the ability to make a positive and negative decision and perform according to their behaviour. This study confirmed that by making the correct decision and taking action accordingly, the amount of PA would be increased. Keywords: Decisional balance, processes of change, physical activity, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM), self-efficacy, transtheoretical model (TTM) 2018-08 Thesis http://eprints.usm.my/46142/ http://eprints.usm.my/46142/1/Dr.%20Liu%20Kien%20Ting-24%20pages.pdf application/pdf en public masters Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
institution Universiti Sains Malaysia
collection USM Institutional Repository
language English
topic RJ101 Child Health
Child health services
spellingShingle RJ101 Child Health
Child health services
Ting, Liu Kien
Structural relationship of transtheoretical model of behaviour changes, and amount of physical activity among undergraduate students in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
description Introduction: Physical activity is an important determinant of the physiological and psychological health, protecting against several common diseases. Despite knowing the benefit of engaging in physical activity (PA) regularly, the majority of the university students were not physically active. A theoretically based tool was developed to understand the psychological mechanism involving students’ PA behaviour. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is an integrated model which aimed to understand individual’s behavioural changes by experiencing a series of readiness for change. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the validity of TTM constructs using a confirmatory approach and examine structural relationship of the TTM and the amount of PA among undergraduate’s students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out to test the students who took part in the cocurricular programme. A total of 562 students participated in this study. By using purposive sampling, students were informed that their participation is entirely voluntarily, those who interested completed the self-administered questionnaires. The TTM constructs consists of processes of change (PC), decisional balance (DB), selfefficacy (SE) and stages of change (SOC) have been used widely to promote PA. The data was analyzed using SPSS 24 for descriptive statistics and graphs. Mplus version-8 was used for confirmatory factor analysis as well as Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis for inferential statistics. Results: The majority of the students were Malay (73.3%), female (79.0%) with the mean of 2.62 times exercise per week and mean of 43.14 minutes exercise per session. In testing the measurement model of PC, the 30 items final model fits the data well based on several fit indices (CFI=0.921, SRMR= 0.066, RMSEA (90%CI) = 0.047 (0.043, 0.051), RMSEA p-value =0.888). For the DB scale, the 10 items of final measurement model displayed excellent fit indices (CFI=0.960, TLI=0.943, SRMR=0.055, RMSEA (90%CI) = 0.061 (0.047, 0.074), RMSEA p-value = 0.096). For the SE scale, the 12 items of final measurement model showed excellent fit indices (CFI = 0.924, SRMR= 0.064, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.067 (0.057, 0.078), RMSEA p-value= 0.004). The final structural model fit the data well based on several fit indices (CFI=0.951, SRMR= 0.034, RMSEA (90%CI) = 0.056 (0.038, 0.074), RMSEA p-value= 0.284). It also showed significant inter-relationship among the TTM constructs and nine hypotheses were supported from the model. However, among all the constructs examined, only PC would affect PA. Meanwhile, the SOC, pros and SE had significant indirect relationship with PA. Conclusion: The findings suggested that SOC in an individual would affect the SE level, the ability to make a positive and negative decision and perform according to their behaviour. This study confirmed that by making the correct decision and taking action accordingly, the amount of PA would be increased. Keywords: Decisional balance, processes of change, physical activity, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM), self-efficacy, transtheoretical model (TTM)
format Thesis
qualification_level Master's degree
author Ting, Liu Kien
author_facet Ting, Liu Kien
author_sort Ting, Liu Kien
title Structural relationship of transtheoretical model of behaviour changes, and amount of physical activity among undergraduate students in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_short Structural relationship of transtheoretical model of behaviour changes, and amount of physical activity among undergraduate students in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_full Structural relationship of transtheoretical model of behaviour changes, and amount of physical activity among undergraduate students in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_fullStr Structural relationship of transtheoretical model of behaviour changes, and amount of physical activity among undergraduate students in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Structural relationship of transtheoretical model of behaviour changes, and amount of physical activity among undergraduate students in Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia
title_sort structural relationship of transtheoretical model of behaviour changes, and amount of physical activity among undergraduate students in health campus, universiti sains malaysia
granting_institution Universiti Sains Malaysia
granting_department Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
publishDate 2018
url http://eprints.usm.my/46142/1/Dr.%20Liu%20Kien%20Ting-24%20pages.pdf
_version_ 1747821619483508736